extended from FOLDOC

Extended Affix Grammar

(EAG) A formalism for describing both the context free syntax and the context sensitive syntax of languages.

EAGs belong to the family of two-level grammars. They are very closely related to two-level van Wijngaarden grammars.

EAG can be used as a specification formalism, specifying in relations rather than functions, or as a relational programming language like PROLOG.

http://www.cs.ru.nl/~kees/eag/

Last updated: 2009-02-06

Extended ALGOL

<language>

An extension of ALGOL 60, used to write the ESPOL compiler on the Burroughs B5500, Burroughs B6500, and Burroughs B6700.

["Burroughs B6700 Extended ALGOL Language Information Manual", No. 5000128 (Jul 1971)].

[Sammet 1969, p. 196].

Last updated: 1995-05-09

Extended Architecture

<storage>

(XA) A CD-ROM drive specification required by Green Book CD-ROM and White Book CD-ROM formats. Drives labelled "XA ready" may require a firmware upgrade.

Last updated: 1994-11-02

Extended Backus-Naur Form

<language>

Any variation on the basic Backus-Naur Form (BNF) meta-syntax notation with (some of) the following additional constructs: square brackets "[..]" surrounding optional items, suffix "*" for Kleene closure (a sequence of zero or more of an item), suffix "+" for one or more of an item, curly brackets enclosing a list of alternatives, and super/subscripts indicating between n and m occurrences.

All these constructs can be expressed in plain BNF using extra productions and have been added for readability and succinctness.

Last updated: 1995-04-28

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

<character, standard>

/eb's*-dik/, /eb'see`dik/, /eb'k*-dik/, /ee`bik'dik`/, /*-bik'dik`/ (EBCDIC) A proprietary 8-bit character set used on IBM dinosaurs, the AS/400, and e-Server.

EBCDIC is an extension to 8 bits of BCDIC (Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), an earlier 6-bit character set used on IBM computers. EBCDIC was [first?] used on the successful System/360, anounced on 1964-04-07, and survived for many years despite the almost universal adoption of ASCII elsewhere. Was this concern for backward compatibility or, as many believe, a marketing strategy to lock in IBM customers?

IBM created 57 national EBCDIC character sets and an International Reference Version (IRV) based on ISO 646 (and hence ASCII compatible). Documentation on these was not easily accessible making international exchange of data even between IBM mainframes a tricky task.

US EBCDIC uses more or less the same characters as ASCII, but different code points. It has non-contiguous letter sequences, some ASCII characters do not exist in EBCDIC (e.g. square brackets), and EBCDIC has some (cent sign, not sign) not in ASCII. As a consequence, the translation between ASCII and EBCDIC was never officially completely defined. Users defined one translation which resulted in a so-called de-facto EBCDIC containing all the characters of ASCII, that all ASCII-related programs use.

Some printers, telex machines, and even electronic cash registers can speak EBCDIC, but only so they can converse with IBM mainframes.

For an in-depth discussion of character code sets, and full translation tables, see Guidelines on 8-bit character codes.

A history of character codes.

Last updated: 2002-03-03

Extended BNF

Extended Backus-Naur Form

Extended C++

<language>

EC++ extended by G. Masotti <[email protected]> with preconditions, postconditions and class invariants, parameterised classes, exception handling and garbage collection. EC++ translates Extended C++ into C++.

Last updated: 1989-10-10

Extended Capabilities Port

<hardware>

(ECP) A parallel printer interface for IBM PC compatibles, supported by several, mainly US, manufacturers.

Not to be confused with the more common Enhanced Capabilities Port.

Last updated: 1997-12-01

Extended Concurrent Prolog

<language>

(ECP) Concurrent Prolog with OR parallelism, set abstraction and meta-inference features.

["AND-OR Queuing in Extended Concurrent Prolog", J. Tanaka et al, Proc Logic Prog Conf '85, LNCS 193, Springer 1985].

Last updated: 1994-12-01

Extended Data Out Dynamic Random Access Memory

<storage>

(EDO DRAM, EDO RAM) A type of DRAM designed to access nearby memory locations faster than FPM DRAM.

Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO-DRAM) allows the data outputs to be kept active after the CAS\ signal goes inactive, using an additional signal OE\ to control the data outputs. This can be used in pipelined systems for overlapping accesses where the next cycle is started before the data from the last cycle is removed from the bus.

EDO DRAM is primarily used with Intel's Pentium processors since with slower processors there is no significant performance gain. To make use of the advanced features of EDO an appropriate chipset, such as Triton, must be used. In early 1995, EDO DRAM was available for computers from Micron, Gateway 2000, and Intel Corporation; since then other manufactures followed suit.

Note that in comparison to Burst EDO EDO is sometimes referred to as "Standard EDO".

Last updated: 1996-06-25

Extended Data Out Random Access Memory

Extended Data Out Dynamic Random Access Memory

Extended Fortran Language

(EFL) A Fortran preprocessor to provide structured programming constructs much like C. EFL is a descendant of RATFOR. It is written in C.

["An Informal Description of EFL", S.I. Feldman].

eXtended Graphics Array

<hardware>

(XGA) An IBM display standard introduced in 1990.

XGA supports a resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels with a palette of 256 colours, or 640 x 480 with high colour (16 bits per pixel).

XGA-2 added 1024 x 768 support for high colour and higher refresh rates, improved performance, and supports 1360 x 1024 in 16 colours.

XGA is probably not the same as 8514-A.

See also VESA's EVGA released at a similar time.

Last updated: 1999-08-01

Extended Industry-Standard Architecture

<architecture, standard>

(EISA) /eesa/ A bus standard for IBM compatibles that extends the ISA bus architecture to 32 bits and allows more than one CPU to share the bus. The bus mastering support is also enhanced to provide access to 4 GB of memory. Unlike MCA, EISA can accept older XT bus architecture and ISA boards.

EISA was announced in late 1988 by compatible vendors as a counter to IBM's MCA in its PS/2 series. Although somewhat inferior to the MCA it became much more popular due to the proprietary nature of MCA.

[Main sponsors? Open standard?]

Last updated: 1996-06-25

extended memory

<storage>

Memory above the first megabyte of address space in an IBM PC with an 80286 or later processor.

Extended memory is not directly available in real mode, only through EMS, UMB, XMS, or HMA; only applications executing in protected mode can use extended memory directly. In this case, the extended memory is provided by a supervising protected-mode operating system such as Microsoft Windows. The processor makes this memory available through a system of global descriptor tables and local descriptor tables. The memory is "protected" in the sense that memory assigned a local descriptor cannot be accessed by another program without causing a hardware trap. This prevents programs running in protected mode from interfering with each other's memory.

A protected-mode operating system such as Windows can also run real-mode programs and provide expanded memory to them. DOS Protected Mode Interface is Microsoft's prescribed method for an MS-DOS program to access extended memory under a multitasking environment.

Having extended memory does not necessarily mean that you have more than one megabyte of memory since the reserved memory area may be partially empty. In fact, if your 386 or higher uses extended memory as expanded memory then that part is not in excess of 1Mb.

extended memory manager

<software, storage>

(XMM) The memory manager software implementing Extended Memory Specification, such as HIMEM or QEMM386. XMM's can usually also act as A20 handlers.

Last updated: 1996-01-10

Extended Memory Specification

<storage>

(XMS) The specification describing the use of IBM PC extended memory in real mode for storing data (but not executable code). Memory is made available by extended memory manager (XMM) software. The XMM functions are accessible through interrupt 2FH.

Last updated: 1996-01-10

Extended ML

A language by Don Sannella of the University of Edinburgh combining algebraic specification and functional programming.

["Program Specification and Development in Standard ML", D. Sannella et al, 12th POPL, ACM 1985].

Last updated: 1994-12-12

Extended Pascal

A superset of ANSI and ISO Pascal with many enhancements, including modules, separate compilation, type schemata, variable-length strings, direct-access files, complex numbers, initial values, constant expressions. ANSI/IEEE770X3.160-1989 and ISO 10206.

Last updated: 1994-12-12

Extended Self-containing Prolog

<language>

(ESP) An object-oriented extension of KL0 by Chikayama. ESP has backtracking-based control, unification-based parameter passing and object-oriented calling. An object in ESP is an axiom set. A class definition consists of nature definitions (inheritance), slot definitions (class variables) and clause definitions. ESP has multiple inheritance similar to Flavors. It has been implemented for ICOT's PSI Sequential Inference machine.

Extended System Configuration Data

<operating system>

(ESCD) An area of memory, not exceeding 32 kilobytes in size, used by MS-DOS(?) as NVRAM for PNP BIOS and PNP OS. It must be writeable at run time.

Intel's ICU also uses ESCD to store information for PNP ISA cards and legacy ISA cards.

Last updated: 1999-11-22

Extended Systems Modelling Language

<language>

(ESML) A real-time software engineering methodology based on RTSA.

Last updated: 2009-05-11

Extended Tcl

<language>

(TclX) Tcl extended by Mark Diekhans <[email protected]> and Karl Lehenbauer from 1989 on with statements to provide high-level access Unix system primitives.

TclX Home.

E-mail: <[email protected]>.

Last updated: 2003-02-12

Extended Tiny

A research/educational tool for experimenting with array data dependence tests and reordering transformations. It works with a language tiny, which does not have procedures, goto's, pointers, or other features that complicate dependence testing.

Michael Wolfe's original tiny has been extended substantially by William Pugh <[email protected]> et al. at the University of Maryland.

Version 3.0 (Dec 12th, 1992) includes a programming environment, dependence tester, tests translator (Fortran->tiny), documentation, and technical reports. It should run on any Unix system.

ftp://cs.umd.edu/pub/omega.

E-mail: Omega test research group <[email protected]>.

Last updated: 1992-12-12

Extended Video Graphics Array

<hardware, graphics>

(EVGA) A display standard introduced by VESA in 1991.

It offers a maximum resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels (non-interlaced) and a 70 Hz refresh rate.

EVGA should not be confused with the older EGA (Enhanced Graphics Array) or XGA (eXtended Graphics Array).

[Same as "eXtended Video Graphics Array" (XVGA)?]

Last updated: 1999-08-01

eXtended Video Graphics Array

<hardware>

(XVGA) A display standard with a resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels of 256 colours. IBM call this mode "8514".

[Same as "Extended Video Graphics Array" (EVGA)?]

Last updated: 1997-12-11

Nearby terms:

extend ♦ Extended Affix Grammar ♦ Extended ALGOL ♦ Extended Architecture

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