hyper from FOLDOC

HyperBase

An experimental active multi-user database for hypertext systems from the University of Aalborg, written in C++. It is built on the client-server model enabling distributed, concurrent, and shared access from workstations in a local area network.

Hyper-C

A data parallel extension of C from HyperParallel Tech, France, for PVM, CM and Maspar. It is available from Fortunel Systems <[email protected]>, +1 (919) 319 1624.

E-mail: <[email protected]>.

Last updated: 1994-11-17

HyperCard

A software package by Bill Atkinson for storage and retrieval of information on the Macintosh. It can handle images and is designed for browsing. The powerful customisable interactive user interface allows new applications to be easily constructed by manipulating objects on the screen, often without conventional programming, though the language HyperTalk can be used for more complex tasks.

Usenet newsgroup: comp.sys.mac.hypercard.

["Apple Macintosh HyperCard User Guide", Apple Computer 1987].

Last updated: 1995-02-10

hypercube

A cube of more than three dimensions. A single (2^0 = 1) point (or "node") can be considered as a zero dimensional cube, two (2^1) nodes joined by a line (or "edge") are a one dimensional cube, four (2^2) nodes arranged in a square are a two dimensional cube and eight (2^3) nodes are an ordinary three dimensional cube. Continuing this geometric progression, the first hypercube has 2^4 = 16 nodes and is a four dimensional shape (a "four-cube") and an N dimensional cube has 2^N nodes (an "N-cube"). To make an N+1 dimensional cube, take two N dimensional cubes and join each node on one cube to the corresponding node on the other. A four-cube can be visualised as a three-cube with a smaller three-cube centred inside it with edges radiating diagonally out (in the fourth dimension) from each node on the inner cube to the corresponding node on the outer cube.

Each node in an N dimensional cube is directly connected to N other nodes. We can identify each node by a set of N Cartesian coordinates where each coordinate is either zero or one. Two node will be directly connected if they differ in only one coordinate.

The simple, regular geometrical structure and the close relationship between the coordinate system and binary numbers make the hypercube an appropriate topology for a parallel computer interconnection network. The fact that the number of directly connected, "nearest neighbour", nodes increases with the total size of the network is also highly desirable for a parallel computer.

Last updated: 1994-11-17

Hyperion

<computer>

An MS-DOS personal computer that was manufactured in Kanata (near Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) in the mid-1980s. It received considerable government subsidies and, while it was considered well-designed and manufactured and a real threat to the Compaq Portable, the Ottawa firm that designed it was unable to beat Compaq.

Last updated: 1997-07-21

hyperlink

hypertext link

Hyper-Man

A browser available with Epoch giving hypertext access to the Unix manual.

hypermedia

hypertext

HyperNeWS

A Hypertext system from the Turing Institute Glasgow, based on NeWS.

Hyperscript

Informix. The object-based programming language for Wingz, used for creating charts, graphs, graphics, and customised data entry.

hyperspace

/hi:'per-spays/ A memory location that is *far* away from where the program counter should be pointing, often inaccessible because it is not even mapped in. (Compare jump off into never-never land.)

This usage is from the SF notion of a spaceship jumping "into hyperspace", that is, taking a shortcut through higher-dimensional space - in other words, bypassing this universe. The variant "east hyperspace" is recorded among CMU and Bliss hackers.

[Jargon File]

Last updated: 1994-11-23

HyperSPARC

<processor>

The successor to the SuperSPARC processor, based on the SPARC ISA. The HyperSPARC has smaller caches than the SuperSPARC: 8kb on-chip and 256kb off-chip (compared with 36kb and 1Mb). The HyperSPARC's memory management is optimised for more efficient out-of-cache addressing which means quicker access to external (slower, cheaper) memory.

Last updated: 1994-11-23

Hyperstrict

A function which is hyperstrict in some argument will fully evaluate that argument. To fully evaluate an object, evaluate it to WHNF and if it is a constructed data object (e.g. a list or tuple) then fully evaluate every component and so on recursively. Thus a hyperstrict function will fail to terminate if its argument or any component or sub-component of its argument fails to terminate (i.e. if its argument is not "total").

HyperTalk

A verbose semicompiled language by Bill Atkinson and Dan Winkler, with loose syntax and high readability.

HyperTalk uses HyperCard as an object management system, development environment and interface builder. Programs are organised into "stacks" of "cards", each of which may have "buttons" and "fields". All data storage is in zero-terminated strings in fields, local, or global variables; all data references are through "chunk expressions" of the form:

 'last item of background field
 "Name List" of card ID 34217'.

Flow of control is event-driven and uses message-passing among scripts that are attached to stack, background, card, field and button objects.

Apple Computer has taken back distribution and maintenance of HyperCard from Claris Corporation

["HyperTalk Language Reference Manual", A-W 1988].

Last updated: 1994-11-17

hypertext

<hypertext>

A term coined by Ted Nelson around 1965 for a collection of documents (or "nodes") containing cross-references or "links" which, with the aid of an interactive browser program, allow the reader to move easily from one document to another.

The extension of hypertext to include other media - sound, graphics, and video - has been termed "hypermedia", but is usually just called "hypertext", especially since the advent of the web and HTML.

Last updated: 2000-09-10

hypertext link

<hypertext>

(Or "hyperlink", "button", formerly "span", "region", "extent") A pointer from within the content of one hypertext node (e.g. a web page) to another node. In HTML (the language used to write web pages), the source and destination of a link are known as "anchors". A source anchor may be a word, phrase, image or the whole node. A destination anchor may be a whole node or some position within the node.

A hypertext browser displays source anchors in some distinctive way. When the user activates the link (e.g. by clicking on it with the mouse), the browser displays the destination anchor to which the link refers. Anchors should be recognisable at all times, not, for example, only when the mouse is over them. Originally links were always underlined but the modern preference is to use bold text.

In HTML, anchors are created with <a..>..</a> anchor elements. The opening "a" tag of a source anchor has an "href" (hypertext reference) attribute giving the destination in the form of a URL - usually a whole "page". E.g.

 <a href="http://foldoc.org/">
 Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</a>

Destination anchors can be used in HTML to name a position within a page using a "name" attribute. E.g.

 <a name="chapter3">

The name or "fragment identifier" is appended to the URL of the page after a "#":

 http://fairystory.com/goldilocks.html#chapter3

Last updated: 2008-12-10

Hypertext Markup Language

<hypertext, web, standard>

(HTML) A hypertext document format used on the web. HTML is built on top of SGML. "Tags" are embedded in the text. A tag consists of a "<", a "directive" (in lower case), zero or more parameters and a ">". Matched pairs of directives, like "<title>" and "</title>" are used to delimit text which is to appear in a special place or style.

Links to other documents are in the form

 <a href="http://machine.edu/subdir/file.html">foo</a>

where "<a>" and "</a>" delimit an "anchor", "href" introduces a hypertext reference, which is most often a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) (the string in double quotes in the example above). The link will be represented in the browser by the text "foo" (typically shown underlined and in a different colour).

A certain place within an HTML document can be marked with a named anchor, e.g.:

 <a name="baz">

The "fragment identifier", "baz", can be used in an href by appending "#baz" to the document name.

Other common tags include <p> for a new paragraph, <b>..</b> for bold text, <ul> for an unnumbered list, <pre> for preformated text, <h1>, <h2> .. <h6> for headings.

HTML supports some standard SGML national characters and other non-ASCII characters through special escape sequences, e.g. "é" for a lower case 'e' with an acute accent. You can sometimes get away without the terminating semicolon but it's bad style.

Most systems will ignore the case of tags and attributes but lower case should be used for compatibility with XHTML.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international standards body for HTML.

http://w3.org/MarkUp/.

Character escape sequences.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

<protocol>

(HTTP) The client-server TCP/IP protocol used on the web for the exchange of HTML documents. It conventionally uses port 80.

HyperText Transmission Protocol, Secure

<protocol>

(HTTPS) A variant of HTTP used by Netscape for handling secure transactions.

The Netscape Navigator supports a URL access method, "https", for connecting to HTTP servers using SSL.

"https" is a unique protocol that is simply SSL underneath HTTP. You need to use "https://" for HTTP URLs with SSL, whereas you continue to use "http://" for HTTP URLs without SSL. The default "https" port number is 443, as assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.

http://netscape.com/info/security-doc.html.

Last updated: 1995-01-16

hypervisor

<architecture, tool>

(Or "virtual machine manager") A program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single "host" computer. The hypervison allows each operating system to behave as though it had the host's processor, memory and other resources all to itself.

Last updated: 2022-02-23

hyperware

<hypertext>

Software that implements or uses hypertext.

Last updated: 2000-09-11

Nearby terms:

hydra code ♦ hydrofluorocarbon ♦ HyperBase ♦ Hyper-C ♦ HyperCard ♦ hypercube

Try this search on Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Google, OneLook.