Teamwork
A SASD tool from Sterling Software, formerly CADRE Technologies, which supports the Shlaer/Mellor Object-Oriented method and the Yourdon-DeMarco, Hatley-Pirbhai, Constantine and Buhr notations.
Teamwork was abandoned when Computer Associates acquired Sterling Software in March 2000.Last updated: 2002-05-29
Technical/Office Protocol
(TOP) An applications layer network application and protocol stack for office automation developed by Boeing following the OSI model. This protocol is very similar to MAP except at the lowest levels, where it uses Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) rather than Token Bus (IEEE 802.4).Technion
<body>
Israel Institute of Technology.
http://technion.ac.il/. ftp://ftp.technion.ac.il/. Address: Haifa, Israel.Last updated: 1995-05-09
technology
Marketroid jargon for "software", "hardware", "protocol" or something else too technical to name.
The most flagrant abuse of this word has to be "Windows NT" (New Technology) - Microsoft's attempt to make the incorporation of some ancient concepts into their OS sound like real progress. The irony, and even the meaning, of this seems to be utterly lost on Microsoft whose Windows 2000 start-up screen proclaims "Based on NT Technology", (meaning yet another version of NT, including some Windows 95 features at last). See also: solution.Last updated: 2001-06-28
Technology Enabled Relationship Manager
Customer Relationship ManagementTechnology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems
<event>
(TOOLS) One of the oldest object-oriented conferences, with 18 published proceedings volumes. TOOLS is organised by Interactive Software Engineering.
Last updated: 1995-12-29
TechRef
/tek'ref/ [MS-DOS] The original "IBM PC Technical Reference Manual", including the BIOS listing and complete schematics for the PC. The only PC documentation in the issue package that's considered serious by real hackers. [Jargon File]TECO
/tee'koh/ (Originally an acronym for "[paper] Tape Editor and COrrector"; later, "Text Editor and COrrector"]) A text editor developed at MIT and modified by just about everybody. With all the dialects included, TECO may have been the most prolific editor in use before Emacs, to which it was directly ancestral. The first Emacs editor was written in TECO.
It was noted for its powerful programming-language-like features and its unspeakably hairy syntax (see write-only language). TECO programs are said to resemble line noise. Every string of characters is a valid TECO program (though probably not a useful one); one common game used to be predict what the TECO commands corresponding to human names did. As an example of TECO's obscurity, here is a TECO program that takes a list of names such as:Loser, J. Random Quux, The Great Dick, Mobysorts them alphabetically according to surname, and then puts the surname last, removing the comma, to produce the following:
Moby Dick J. Random Loser The Great QuuxThe program is
[1 J^P$L$$ J <.-Z; .,(S,$ -D .)FX1 @F^B $K :L I $ G1 L>$$(where ^B means "Control-B" (ASCII 0000010) and $ is actually an alt or escape (ASCII 0011011) character). In fact, this very program was used to produce the second, sorted list from the first list. The first hack at it had a bug: GLS (the author) had accidentally omitted the "@" in front of "F^B", which as anyone can see is clearly the Wrong Thing. It worked fine the second time. There is no space to describe all the features of TECO, but "^P" means "sort" and "J<.-Z; ... L>" is an idiomatic series of commands for "do once for every line". By 1991, Emacs had replaced TECO in hacker's affections but descendants of an early (and somewhat lobotomised) version adopted by DEC can still be found lurking on VMS and a couple of crufty PDP-11 operating systems, and ports of the more advanced MIT versions remain the focus of some antiquarian interest. See also retrocomputing. ftp://usc.edu/ for VAX/VMS, Unix, MS-DOS, Macintosh, Amiga. [Authro? Home page?]
Last updated: 2001-03-26
tee
A Unix command which copies its standard input to its standard output (like cat) but also to a file given as its argument. tee is thus useful in pipelines of Unix commands (see plumbing) where it allows you to create a duplicate copy of the data stream. E.g.
egrep Unix Dictionary | tee /dev/tty | wc -lsearches for lines containing the string "Unix" in the file "Dictionary", prints them to the terminal (/dev/tty) and counts them. Unix manual page: tee(1). [Jargon File]
Last updated: 1996-01-22
TEI
1. Terminal Endpoint Identifier.
Last updated: 1997-03-11
telco
(from telephone company) A company providing phone services to end users. The company may or may not provide other phone services such operating long-distance/international backbones but the name telco usually emphasises its operation as a local service provider.
Compare: PTT.Last updated: 1998-05-18
TELCOMP
<language>
A variant of JOSS.
[Sammet 1969, p.217].Last updated: 1997-04-07
Telecommunication Display Device
Telecommunications Device for the DeafTelecommunications Device for the Deaf
(TDD) A terminal device used widely by deaf people for text communication over telephone lines.
The acronym TDD is sometimes expanded as "Telecommunication Display Device" but is generally considered to be derived from "Telecommunications Device for the Deaf". The deaf themselves do not usually use the term "TDD", but prefer simply "TTY" -- possibly the original term. The ambiguity between this and the other meanings of "TTY" is generally not problematic. The acronym "TTD" is also common [Teletype for the deaf?]. The standard most used by TDDs is reportedly a survivor of Baudot code. It uses asynchronous transmission of 1400 Hz and 1600 Hz tones at 45.5 or 50 baud, with one start bit, 5 data bits and 1.5 stop bits. This is generally incompatible with standard modems. A typical TDD is a device about the size of a small laptop computer (resembling, in fact, a circa 1983 Radio Shack Model 100 computer) with a QWERTY keyboard, and small screen (often one line high, often made of an array of LEDs). There is often a small printer for making transcripts of terminal sessions. An acoustic coupler connects it to the telephone handset. With the falling cost of personal computers and the widespread use of Internet talk systems, there is now little reason to use this Stone Age technology. [Standards? i18n?]Last updated: 2006-10-08
Telecommunications Industry Association
(TIA) An association that sets standards for communications cabling.
Cables that TIA set standards for include: EIA/TIA-568A and EIA/TIA-568B category three, four and five cable. http://tiaonline.org/. [Details?]Last updated: 2000-04-24
telecommuting
The practice of working at home and communicating with your fellow workers through the phone, typically with a computer and modem. Telecommuting saves the employee getting to and from work and saves the employer from supplying support services such as heating and cleaning, but it can also deprive the worker of social contact and support.Last updated: 1995-01-05
teledildonics
<application, virtual reality>
/tel"*-dil-do"-niks/ Sex in a computer simulated virtual reality, especially computer-mediated sexual interaction between the VR presences of two humans. This practice is not yet possible except in the rather limited form of erotic conversation on MUDs and the like. The term, however, is widely recognised in the VR community as a ha ha only serious projection of things to come. "When we can sustain a multi-sensory surround good enough for teledildonics, *then* we'll know we're getting somewhere."
[Jargon File]Last updated: 1995-02-06
telegraphy
A historical term for communication, either wired or wireless, using Morse code. The term is used in contrast with telephony meaning voice transmission. Telegraphy is sometimes (somewhat incorrectly) referred to as "continuous wave" or CW transmission.
Last updated: 2009-11-24
telematics
The combination of telecommunications and computing. Data communications between systems and devices.Last updated: 1995-02-07
TelEnet
The old name for Sprintnet. TELENET used to provide a service called PC Pursuit. Not to be confused with telnet the program and protocol.Last updated: 1994-10-17
TELEPAC
Last updated: 1995-11-09
Telephone Application Program Interface
(TAPI) Officially it's Telephony Application Programming Interface.
Last updated: 1995-11-27
telephony
Communication, often two-way, of spoken information, by means of electrical signals carried by wires or radio waves. The term was used to indicate transmission of the voice, as opposed to telegraphy (done in Morse code and usually called "continuous wave" or CW transmission), radio teletypewriter (RTTY) transmission (also called FSK for "Frequency Shift Keying", the modulation scheme used by such machines), and later, facimile.
Last updated: 1995-03-14
Telephony Application Programming Interface
(TAPI, or "Telephone Application Program Interface") A Windows 95 Application Program Interface enabling hardware independent access to telephone based communication. TAPI covers a rather wide area of services from initialising the equipment (e.g. a modem) and placing a call to voice mail or control of a remote computer.
[Telephone or Telephony?]Last updated: 1995-12-05
Telephony User Interface
(TUI) Either a software interface to telephony (e.g. a phone-capable PC) or a DTMF-based interface to software (e.g. voicemail).
Last updated: 2003-10-21
Telerat
/tel'*-rat/ Unflattering hackerism for "Teleray", a line of extremely losing terminals.
[Jargon File]Last updated: 1995-01-19
Telescope User Interface
(TUI) A remote control interface for a telescope.
Last updated: 2003-10-21
Telescript
A communications-oriented programming language using "active software agents", released by General Magic in 1994. What PostScript did for cross-platform, device-independent documents, Telescript aims to do for cross-platform, network-independent messaging. Telescript protects programmers from many of the complexities of network protocols.Last updated: 1995-01-16
Teletype
(tty) A trademark for a hard-copy teletypewriter produced by Teletype Corporation.
Last updated: 2000-04-02
teletype
teletypewriterTeletype Corporation
<company>
The company which made Teletype teletypewriters.
Address: Skokie, Illinois, USA.Last updated: 2000-04-03
teletypewriter
<hardware>
(Nearly always abbreviated to "teletype" or "tty") An obsolete kind of terminal, with a noisy mechanical printer for output, a very limited character set, and poor print quality.
See also bit-paired keyboard.Last updated: 2000-04-02
TeleUSE
An interface builder for Motif.television
<hardware>
A dedicated push media device for receiving streaming video and audio, either by terrestrial radio broadcast, satellite or cable.
Last updated: 1997-11-23
Television Interface Adapter
(TIA) The graphics chip in the Atari 2600, also used as a sound chip for some arcade game.
Last updated: 1999-12-06
TELNET
/tel'net/ 1. The Internet standard protocol for remote login. Runs on top of TCP/IP. Defined in STD 8, RFC 854 and extended with options by many other RFCs. Unix BSD networking software includes a program, telnet, which uses the protocol and acts as a terminal emulator for the remote login session. Sometimes abbreviated to TN. TOPS-10 had a similar program called IMPCOM. 2. The US nationwide network into which one dials to access CompuServe. It was created by John Goltz, one of the founders and system guru of CompuServe. He later worked for Tymshare, one of CompuServe's big competitors. [Jargon File]Last updated: 2004-09-14
Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol
(TAP, or "IXO", "PET") A protocol for submitting requests to a pager service. IXO/TAP is an ASCII-based, half-duplex protocol that allows the submission of a numeric or alphanumeric message.
Examples, protocol description, clarifications. See also RFC 1568.Last updated: 1996-04-07
Telon
CA-TelonTELOS
1. The LeLisp Version 16 Object System. Also used in EuLisp. The object-oriented core of EuLisp. Incorporates ideas from CLOS, ObjVLisp and OakLisp. Total merging of types with classes and message-passing with normal function application. 2. A Pascal-based AI language. ["Design Rationale for TELOS, a Pascal-based AI Language", Travis et al, SIGPLAN Notices 12(8) (Aug 1977)].TELSIM
Busch, ca 1966. Digital simulation. [Sammet 1969, p. 627].template
<text>
A document that contains parameters, identified by some special syntax, that are replaced by actual arguments by the template processing system. For example:
Dear <guest>, <host> would like to invite you to a party at <location> on <date> at <time>.Where the words in angle brackets are the parameters to be replaced by the name of an actual guest, etc. More sophisticated systems allow repetition, where a section is repeated in a single output document using a list of inputs; conditional sections or (nested) inclusion of other templates. See also class template.
Last updated: 2007-10-14
template code
Pseudocode generated by an automated CASE system and requiring further hand-coding before compilation.
Last updated: 2008-10-22
template wizard
Software to guide the creation of some kind of template. Examples include Excel's Template Wizard add-in for creating databases to receive form data. Most web authoring tools include facilities for inserting text into template page designs.
Last updated: 2008-10-22
TEMPLOG
Extension of Prolog to handle a clausal subset of first-order temporal logic with discrete time. Proposed by M. Abadi and Z. Manna of Stanford University. ["Temporal Logic in Programming", M. Abadi et al, INtl Symp Logic Prog pp.4-16 (1987)].TEMPO
A programming language with simple syntax and semantics designed for teaching semantic and pragmatic aspects of programming languages. ["TEMPO: A Unified Treatment of Binding Time and Parameter Passing Concepts in Programming Languages", N.D. Jones et al, LNCS 66, Springer 1978].Tempo
The original code name for Mac OS version 8.
Last updated: 1997-10-15
temporal database
<database>
A database that can store and retrieve temporal data, that is, data which depends on time in some way.
[More details? Examples?]Last updated: 1996-05-25
temporal logic
<logic>
An extension of predicate calculus which includes notation for arguing about *when* statements are true. Time is discrete and extends indefinitely into the future. Three prefix operators, represented by a circle, square and diamond mean "is true at the next time instant", "is true from now on" and "is eventually true". x U y means x is true until y is true. x P y means x precedes y.
There are two types of formula: "state formulae" about things true at one point in time, and "path formulae" about things true for a sequence of steps. An example of a path formula is "x U y", and example of a state formula is "next x" or a simple atomic formula such at "waiting". "true until" in this context means that a state formula holds at every point in time up to a point when another formula holds. "x U y" is the "strong until" and implies that there is a time when y is true. "x W y" is the "weak until" in which it is not necessary that y holds eventually. There are two types of temporal logic used: branching time and linear time. The basic propositional temporal logic cannot differentiate between the two, though. Linear time considers only one possible future, in branching time you have several alternative futures. In branching temporal logic you have the extra operators "A" (for "all futures") and "E" (for "some future"). For example, "A(work U go_home)" means "I will work until I go home" and "E(work U go_home)" means "I may work until I go home".Last updated: 1997-01-21
Tempura
Language based on temporal logic. "Executing Temporal Logic Programs", B. Moszkowski, Camb U Press 1986.Ten15
<language>
A universal intermediate language, a predecessor to TDF.
Ten15 Home. ["Ten15: An Overview", P. Core et al, Royal Signals Radar Establishment TR 3977, Sept 1986]. [Polymorphic?]Last updated: 2003-05-13
tendinitis
overuse strain injuryTenDRA
<language>
[Summary?]Last updated: 2003-05-13
ten-finger interface
The interface between two networks that cannot be directly connected for security reasons; refers to the practice of placing two terminals side by side and having an operator read from one and type into the other. [Jargon File]tennis elbow
overuse strain injurytense
Of programs, very clever and efficient. A tense piece of code often got that way because it was highly bummed, but sometimes it was just based on a great idea. A comment in a clever routine by Mike Kazar, once a grad-student hacker at CMU: "This routine is so tense it will bring tears to your eyes." A tense programmer is one who produces tense code. [Jargon File]tensor product
A function of two vector spaces, U and V, which returns the space of linear maps from V's dual to U.
Tensor product has natural symmetry in interchange of U and V and it produces an associative "multiplication" on vector spaces. Wrinting * for tensor product, we can map UxV to U*V via: (u,v) maps to that linear map which takes any w in V's dual to u times w's action on v. We call this linear map u*v. One can then show thatu * v + u * x = u * (v+x) u * v + t * v = (u+t) * vand
hu * v = h(u * v) = u * hvie, the mapping respects linearity: whence any bilinear map from UxV (to wherever) may be factorised via this mapping. This gives us the degree of natural symmetry in swapping U and V. By rolling it up to multilinear maps from products of several vector spaces, we can get to the natural associative "multiplication" on vector spaces. When all the vector spaces are the same, permutation of the factors doesn't change the space and so constitutes an automorphism. These permutation-induced iso-auto-morphisms form a group which is a model of the group of permutations.
Last updated: 1996-09-27
tenured graduate student
<job>
One who has been in graduate school for 10 years (the usual maximum is 5 or 6): a "ten-yeared" student (get it?). Actually, this term may be used of any grad student beginning in his seventh year. Students don't really get tenure, of course, the way professors do, but a tenth-year graduate student has probably been around the university longer than any untenured professor.
[Jargon File]Last updated: 1996-09-27
tera-
prefixterabyte
(TB) A unit of data equal to one trillion bytes. A terabyte is 10^12 bytes or 1000^4 bytes or 1000 gigabytes.
A terabyte is roughly the amount of data in 117 DVDs (at 8.5 gigabytes each). 1000 terabytes are one petabyte. (Note the spelling - one 'r'). See prefix.Last updated: 2013-11-03
teraflop
<unit>
10^12 flops.
Intel beat Hitachi to the record of 1.06 teraflops, on 04 Dec 1996, unofficially in Beverton, Oregon, using 7264 Pentium Pro chips.Last updated: 1997-07-21
teraflop club
<body>
/te'r*-flop kluhb/ (From tera- and flops) A mythical association of people who consume outrageous amounts of computer time in order to produce a few simple pictures of glass balls with intricate ray-tracing techniques. Caltech professor James Kajiya is said to have been the founder.
[Jargon File]Last updated: 1997-07-21
TERM
1. A program by Michael O'Reilly <[email protected]> for people running Unix who have Internet access via a dial-up connection, and who don't have access to SLIP, or PPP, or simply prefer a more lightweight protocol. TERM does end-to-end error-correction, compression and mulplexing across serial links. This means you can upload and download files as the same time you're reading your news, and can run X clients on the other side of your modem link, all without needing SLIP or PPP.
ftp://tartarus.uwa.edu.au/pub/oreillym/term/term115.tar.gz.<business>
2. Technology Enabled Relationship Management.
Last updated: 1999-10-04
TERMAC
An interactive matrix language. ["Users Guide to TERMAC", J.S. Miller et al, MIT Dec 1968].Last updated: 1994-11-04
termcap
(terminal capabilities) A Unix database listing different types of terminal (or terminal emulation) and the character strings to send to make the terminal perform certain functions such as move the cursor up one line or clear the screen.
Programs written using termcap can work on any terminal in the database which supports the necessary functions. Typical programs are text editors or file viewers like more. The termcap routines look for an environment variable "TERM" to determine which terminal the user is using. terminfo is a later version of termcap.Last updated: 1998-10-30
terminak
/ter'mi-nak`/ [Caltech, ca. 1979] Any malfunctioning computer terminal. A common failure mode of Lear-Siegler ADM 3a terminals caused the "L" key to produce the "K" code instead; complaints about this tended to look like "Terminak #3 has a bad keyboard. Pkease fix." See AIDX, Nominal Semidestructor, Open DeathTrap, ScumOS, sun-stools, Telerat, HP-SUX. [Jargon File]Last updated: 1995-04-14
terminal
<hardware>
1. An electronic or electromechanical device for entering data into a computer or a communications system and displaying data received. Early terminals were called teletypes, later ones VDUs. Typically a terminal communicates with the computer via a serial line.
2. The end of a line where signals are either transmitted or received, or a point along the length of a line where the signals are made available to apparatus.
3. Apparatus to send and/or receive signals on a line.
Last updated: 1995-10-02
Terminal Access Controller
(TAC) A device which connects terminals to the Internet, usually using dial-up modem connections and the TACACS protocol.
Last updated: 1997-11-27
Terminal Adapter
(TA) Equipment used to adapt Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) channels to existing terminal equipment standards such as EIA-232 and V.35. A Terminal Adapter is typically packaged like a modem, either as a stand-alone unit or as an interface card that plugs into a computer or other communications equipment (such as a router or PBX). A Terminal Adapter does not interoperate with a modem; it replaces it.
[ISDN FAQ].Last updated: 1994-10-03
Terminal Adaptor
Terminal Adapterterminal brain death
The extreme form of terminal illness. What someone who has obviously been hacking continuously for far too long is said to be suffering from. [Jargon File]terminal emulation
What a terminal emulator does.terminal emulator
A program that allows a computer to act like a (particular brand of) terminal, e.g. a vt-100. The computer thus appears as a terminal to the host computer and accepts the same escape sequences for functions such as cursor positioning and clearing the screen.
xterm is a terminal emulator for the X Window System.Last updated: 1995-02-16
terminal illness
raster burnterminal junkie
(UK) A wannabee or early larval stage hacker who spends most of his or her time wandering the directory tree and writing noddy programs just to get a fix of computer time. Variants include "terminal jockey", "console junkie", and console jockey. The term "console jockey" seems to imply more expertise than the other three (possibly because of the exalted status of the console relative to an ordinary terminal). See also twink, read-only user. [Jargon File]Last updated: 1995-02-16
terminal node
leafTerminal Oriented Real Time Operating System
(TORTOS) An operating system developed from MVT at Health Sciences Computing, UCLA by Dr. Patrica Britt from the late 1960s to the mid 1970s.
Dr. Britt was a senior scientist at IBM, who become the Assistant Director of HSCF. TORTOS pre-dated TSO and provided batch, real-time and time sharing on an IBM 360/91.Last updated: 2004-07-02
Terminal Oriented Social Science
<project>
(TOSS) The Cambridge Project Project MAC was an ARPA-funded political science computing project. They worked on topics like survey analysis and simulation, led by Ithiel de Sola Pool, J.C.R. Licklider and Douwe B. Yntema. Yntema had done a system on the MIT Lincoln Labs TX-2 called the Lincoln Reckoner, and in the summer of 1969 led a Cambridge Project team in the construction of an experiment called TOSS. TOSS was like Logo, with matrix operators. A major feature was multiple levels of undo, back to the level of the login session. This feature was cheap on the Lincoln Reckoner, but absurdly expensive on Multics.
Last updated: 1997-01-29
Terminal Productivity eXecutive
(TPX) A multiple session manager used to access mainframe applications. It was written by Morgan Stanley, acquired by Duquesne Systems and is now owned by Computer Associates. TPX allows you to work in multiple mainframe applications concurrently; lock and unlock your TPX screen; place your applications on hold; logon to TPX from a different terminal without losing your place; customize your TPX menu and send a screen image to another TPX user.
TPX runs on MVS and VM. On VM, like VTAM, it uses the MVS-like facilities of GCS. It has a complete scripting facility and lets you see other user's sessions. The client-server version allows each managed session to open in its own window. Richard Kuebbing has built a complete e-mail system into it. Unicenter CA-TPX.Last updated: 2005-09-29
terminal server
A device which connects many terminals (serial lines) to a local area network through one network connection. A terminal server can also connect many network users to its asynchronous ports for dial-out capabilities and printer access.Last updated: 1995-02-16
Terminal User Interface
Textual User InterfaceTerminate and Stay Resident
(TSR) A type of DOS utility which, once loaded, stays in memory and can be reactivated by pressing a certain combination of keys.termination analysis
A program analysis which attempts to determine whether evaluation of a given expression will definitely terminate. Evaluation of a constant is bound to terminate, as is evaluation of a non-recursive function applied to arguments which are either not evaluated or which can themselves be proved to terminate. A recursive function can be shown to terminate if it can be shown that the arguments of the recursive calls are bound to reach some value at which the recursion will cease. Termination analysis can never guarantee to give the correct answer because this would be equivalent to solving the halting problem so the answer it gives is either "definitely terminates" or "don't know".Last updated: 1994-10-20
terminator
A resistor connected to a signal wire in a bus or network for the purpose of impedance matching to prevent reflections.
For example, a 50 ohm resistor connected across the end of an Ethernet cable. SCSI chains and some LocalTalk wiring schemes also require terminators.Last updated: 1995-05-17
term rewriting system
(TRS) A collection of rewrite rules used to transform terms (expressions, strings in some formal language) into equivalent terms. See reduction.Last updated: 1994-11-04
Terms Of Service
(TOS) The rules laid down by an on-line service provider such as AOL that members must obey or risk being "TOS-sed" (disconnected).
Last updated: 1999-04-02
ternary
A description of an operator taking three arguments. The only common example is C's ?: operator which is used in the form "CONDITION ? EXP1 : EXP2" and returns EXP1 if CONDITION is true else EXP2. Haskell has a similar "if CONDITION then EXP1 else EXP2" operator.
See also unary, binary.Last updated: 1998-07-29
terpri
/ter'pree/ TERminate PRInt line. [LISP 1.5 and later, MacLISP] To output a newline. Still used in Common LISP. On some early operating systems and hardware, no characters would be printed until a complete line was formed, so this operation terminated the line and emitted the output. [Jargon File]Last updated: 1996-06-24
terrabyte
<spelling>
It's spelled "terabyte".
Last updated: 1997-01-23
Terse
Language for decryption of hardware logic. ["Hardware Logic Simulation by Compilation", C. Hansen, 25th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conf, 1988].test
<testing>
The process of exercising a product to identify differences between expected and actual behaviour. Typically testing is bottom-up: unit testing and integration testing by developers, system testing by testers, and user acceptance testing by users.
Test coverage attempts to assess how complete a test has been. 2. The second stage in a generate and test search algorithm. [Jargon File]Last updated: 2003-09-24
test coverage
<testing>
A measure of the proportion of a program exercised by a test suite, usually expressed as a percentage. This will typically involve collecting information about which parts of a program are actually executed when running the test suite in order to identify which branches of conditional statements which have been taken.
The most basic level of test coverage is code coverage testing and the most methodical is path coverage testing. Some intermediate levels of test coverage exist, but are rarely used. The standard Unix tool for measuring test coverage is tcov, which annotates C or Fortran source with the results of a test coverage analysis. GCT is a GNU equivalent.Last updated: 2001-05-20
test-driven development
(TDD) An iterative software development process where each iteration consists of the developer writing an automated test case for an unimplemented improvement or function, then producing code to pass that test and finally refactoring the code to acceptable standards.
Kent Beck, who is credited with having developed or "rediscovered" the technique, stated in 2003 that TDD encourages simple designs and inspires confidence. TDD is related to the humourous definition of programming as the process of debugging an empty file.Last updated: 2012-05-01
testing
testTET
Test Environment Toolkit project coordinated by X/Open.TeX
/tekh/ An extremely powerful macro-based text formatter written by Donald Knuth, very popular in academia, especially in the computer-science community (it is good enough to have displaced Unix troff, the other favoured formatter, even at many Unix installations).
The first version of TeX was written in the programming language SAIL, to run on a PDP-10 under Stanford's WAITS operating system. Knuth began TeX because he had become annoyed at the declining quality of the typesetting in volumes I-III of his monumental "Art of Computer Programming" (see Knuth, also bible). In a manifestation of the typical hackish urge to solve the problem at hand once and for all, he began to design his own typesetting language. He thought he would finish it on his sabbatical in 1978; he was wrong by only about 8 years. The language was finally frozen around 1985, but volume IV of "The Art of Computer Programming" has yet to appear as of mid-1997. (However, the third edition of volumes I and II have come out). The impact and influence of TeX's design has been such that nobody minds this very much. Many grand hackish projects have started as a bit of toolsmithing on the way to something else; Knuth's diversion was simply on a grander scale than most. Guy Steele happened to be at Stanford during the summer of 1978, when Knuth was developing his first version of TeX. When he returned to MIT that fall, he rewrote TeX's I/O to run under ITS. TeX has also been a noteworthy example of free, shared, but high-quality software. Knuth offers monetary awards to people who find and report a bug in it: for each bug the award is doubled. (This has not made Knuth poor, however, as there have been very few bugs and in any case a cheque proving that the owner found a bug in TeX is rarely cashed). Though well-written, TeX is so large (and so full of cutting edge technique) that it is said to have unearthed at least one bug in every Pascal system it has been compiled with. TeX fans insist on the correct (guttural) pronunciation, and the correct spelling (all caps, squished together, with the E depressed below the baseline; the mixed-case "TeX" is considered an acceptable kluge on ASCII-only devices). Fans like to proliferate names from the word "TeX" - such as TeXnician (TeX user), TeXhacker (TeX programmer), TeXmaster (competent TeX programmer), TeXhax, and TeXnique. Several document processing systems are based on TeX, notably LaTeX Lamport TeX - incorporates document styles for books, letters, slides, etc., jadeTeX uses TeX as a backend for printing from James' DSSSL Engine, and Texinfo, the GNU document processing system. Numerous extensions to TeX exist, among them BibTeX for bibliographies (distributed with LaTeX), PDFTeX modifies TeX to produce PDF and Omega extends TeX to use the Unicode character set. For some reason, TeX uses its own variant of the point, the TeX point. See also Comprehensive TeX Archive Network. ftp://labrea.stanford.edu/tex/. E-mail: <[email protected]> (TeX User's group, Oregon, USA).Last updated: 2002-03-11
TeX-78
The original version of TeX.
Last updated: 1997-11-20
TeX-82
The version of TeX described in The TeXbook, Donald Knuth, A-W 1984.
Last updated: 1997-11-20
Texas Instruments
<company>
(TI) A US electronics company.
A TI engineer, Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958. Three TI employees left the company in 1982 to start Compaq. The COOL and OATH C++ class libraries were developed at TI, as were PDL2 and the ASC computer, PC-Scheme and Texas Instruments Pascal. ftp://ti.com/.Last updated: 1994-09-26
Texinfo
A GNU documentation system that uses a single source file to produce both on-line information and printed output. You can read the on-line information, known as an "Info file", with an Info documentation-reading program. By convention, Texinfo source file names end with a ".texi" or ".texinfo" extension. You can write and format Texinfo files into Info files within GNU Emacs, and read them using the Emacs Info reader. If you do not have Emacs, you can format Texinfo files into Info files using "makeinfo" and read them using "info". TeX is used to typeset Texinfo files for printing. Texinfo is available from your nearest GNU archive site.Last updated: 1994-10-05
TeX point
The variant of the point used by TeX, equal to 0.3514598035 mm, or 1/72.27 inch.
[Why yet another variant?]Last updated: 2002-03-11
text
1. Executable code, especially a "pure code" portion shared between multiple instances of a program running in a multitasking operating system. Compare English. 2. Textual material in the mainstream sense; data in ordinary ASCII or EBCDIC representation (see flat ASCII). "Those are text files; you can review them using the editor." These two contradictory senses confuse hackers too. [Jargon File]Last updated: 1995-03-16
text-based
<jargon>
Working under a non-window-based operating system (e.g. MS-DOS) as opposed to a graphical user interface (e.g. Microsoft Windows).
An MS-DOS text-based program uses a screen with a fixed array of 80x25 or 80x40 characters. Examples are WordPerfect before version 5.1 and Microsoft Word.Last updated: 1995-03-16
text editor
A utility program for creating and modifying text files. This differs from a word processor in that the word processors often embed special control codes or escape sequences in the file to control formatting.
Last updated: 1996-11-15
Text Encoding Initiative
(TEI) A project working to establish a standard for interchanging electronic text for scholarly research. The TEI has adopted SGML and implemented the TEI standard as an SGML Document Type Definition.
The TEI was incorporated as a not-for-profit consortium in December 2000, with host sites in Bergen, Oxford, Virginia, and Providence RI, USA. http://tei-c.org/. See also Corpus Processing. [Any connection with Computational Linguistics or Natural Language Processing?]Last updated: 2001-03-23
text file
A file containing no "invisible" control characters, only printable letters, numbers and symbols, usually from the ASCII character set.
A text file can be produced with a text editor and can usually be imported into any word processor though it will probably appear unformatted. Compare binary file, flat file, rich text file.Last updated: 1996-11-15
Text Processing Utility
<language>
(TPU) A DEC language for creation of text-processing interfaces, used to implement DEC's Extensible VAX Editor (EVE).
Last updated: 2000-05-08
Text Reckoning And Compiling
<language>
(TRAC) An interactive macro generator language for string manipulation by Calvin N. Mooers and Peter Deutsch of Sun Microsystems. TAC derived ideas from Macro SAP. There are versions for PDP-1, PDP-8, PDP-10 and PDP-11.
See also MINT, SAM76. E-mail: Preston Briggs <[email protected]>. ["TRAC: A Procedure- Describing Language for the Reactive Typewriter", Calvin N. Mooers, CACM 9(3):215-219 (Mar 1966). Rockford Research Inst, 1972]. [Sammet 1969, pp.448-454]. ["Macro Processors", A.J. Cole, Cambridge U Press].Last updated: 1994-12-21
text segment
code segmentText To Speech
(TTS) Automatic conversion of text streams to voice.
[Details?]Last updated: 1997-05-11
Textual User Interface
(TUI) Either a text-based version of a GUI, or a full-screen version of a CLI.
Last updated: 2003-10-21
texture
<graphics>
A measure of the variation of the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity. It's often used as a region descriptor in image analysis and computer vision.
The three principal approaches used to describe texture are statistical, structural and spectral. Statistical techniques characterise texture by the statistical properties of the grey levels of the points comprising a surface. Typically, these properties are computed from the grey level histogram or grey level cooccurrence matrix of the surface. Structural techniques characterise texture as being composed of simple primitives called "texels" (texture elements), that are regularly arranged on a surface according to some rules. These rules are formally defined by grammars of various types. Spectral techiques are based on properties of the Fourier spectrum and describe global periodicity of the grey levels of a surface by identifying high energy peaks in the spectrum.Last updated: 1995-05-11
Nearby terms:
TDMA ♦ TDR ♦ Teamwork ♦ Technical/Office Protocol ♦ Technion ♦ technology
Try this search on Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Google, OneLook.