Taken from TIMELINE on FREE-NET, The Freedom Shrine, Historical Timeline 30 Nov 1991. Prepared by Gerald Murphy (The Cleveland Free-Net - aa300). Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN). ?? ?? 30000BC (or earlier) Probable crossing of Bering Straits by Indian ancestors 01 01 4713BC Noon on this day is the epoch for Julian Day (JD) 23 10 4004BC Creation of Cosmos, according to Archbishop James Usher 22 10 2136BC Chinese make first record of solar eclipse 16 06 1686BC Hammurabi the Great died in Babylon 11 06 1184BC Greeks seize Troy 21 04 753BC Legend claims that Rome was founded on this day 14 09 604BC Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher, was born 19 06 551BC Confucius, Chinese philosopher and author, was born 04 09 518BC Pindar the Greek Poet was born 28 09 490BC Greek soldier ran over 26 miles to report Persian defeat at Marathon, then died 07 08 480BC Leonidas of Sparta, Greek hero, died 09 08 480BC Persia defeats Spartan King Leonidas at Thermopylae 23 09 480BC Euripides born in Salamis, Greece 14 03 479BC Xerxes army was scared by a solar eclipse 12 05 465BC Socrates was born 05 08 465BC Xerxes I of Persia died 21 05 427BC Plato (Aristocles) born in Athens(?) 18 07 390BC Rome sacked and burned by Brennus the Gaul 28 06 356BC Alexander the Great was born 13 06 323BC Alexander the Great died 07 03 322BC The philosopher Aristotle died of indigestion (and again on 02 Oct) 02 10 322BC The philosopher Aristotle died of indigestion (and on 07 Mar) 02 08 216BC Hannibal of Carthage, assisted by elephants, routed Romans at Canne 28 09 106BC Pompey (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) born in Rome 12 07 100BC Julius Caeser was born 22 07 **** Mary Magdalen died at St. Beaume. (1st Century BC) 08 12 65BC Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) born in Venosa, Italy 13 10 70BC Publius Vergilius Maro (Virgil) born (near Mantua, Italy) 23 09 63BC Augustus (Gaius Octavius) Caesar born (Rome) 26 08 55BC Julius Caesar arrives for the first time in England with 8000 troops 29 09 48BC Pompey (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus), the Great, died in Egypt 02 08 47BC Julius Caesar says, "I came, I saw, I conquered" defeating Pharnaces at Zela 15 03 44BC Ides of March; Julius Caesar assassinated by Brutus 16 11 42BC Tiberius, Emperor of Rome, born 09 12 36BC The earliest date found (as of 1989) in the New World. It was reconstructed from a Mayan stone fragment found in Chiapa de Corzo in Mexico. 01 08 30BC Mark Antony's fleet defects to Octavius Caesar 30 08 30BC Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, commited suicide with a snake (and again on 30 Nov) 30 11 30BC Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, commited suicide with a snake (and on 30 Aug) 25 12 4BC Jesus of Nazareth, Christian messiah, was born. Actually it is suspected that he was born in the summer. 00 00 0000 ------ ?? 01 ???? Mo [3] Lee-Jackson Day (VA) ?? 01 ???? Mo [3] Martin Luther King Jr. Day ?? 01 ???? Mo [3] Robert E. Lee's Birthday (AL & MS) 01 01 **** All registered thoroughbred and quarter horses are "born" on this day 01 01 **** Anniversary of the Triumph of the Revolution (Cuba) 01 01 **** Feast of the Circumcision of Christ 01 01 **** Independence Day (Haiti, Sudan) 01 01 **** Neujahr (Germany) 01 01 **** New Year's Day 01 01 **** Shi ho hai, Worhsip of the Four Directions (Japan) 01 01 **** Universal Fraternity Day (Mozambique) 02 01 **** Ancestry Day (Haiti) 02 01 **** St. Berchtold's Day (Switzerland) 03 01 **** Genshi sai, Second Offical New Year Holiday (Japan) 03 01 **** New Year's Holiday (Scotland) 03 01 **** Revolution Day (Upper Volta) 03 01 **** Senators and Representatives end their terms on this day 04 01 **** Independence Day (Burma) 04 01 **** Martyrs Day (Zaire) 04 01 **** National Trivia Day 04 01 **** Quadrantid meteor shower (look north) 05 01 **** Fellowship enters Moria (LOTR) 05 01 **** Shinnen Enkai, Third Official New Year Holiday (Japan) 05 01 **** Twelfth-night 06 01 **** Arizona becomes the 47th state 06 01 **** Children's Day (Uruguay) 06 01 **** Epiphany (Twelfth-day) 06 01 **** Heilige drei Koenige (Germany) 06 01 **** Millard Fillmore's birthday 06 01 **** Three Kings' Day (PR) 07 01 **** Christmas (Ethiopia) 07 01 **** Nanakusa, Seven Grasses Festival ("Five Festivals", Japan) 07 01 **** Pioneer's Day (Liberia) 08 01 **** Battle of New Orleans 09 01 **** Day of the Martyrs (Panama) 09 01 **** Fellowship reaches Lorien (LOTR) 10 01 **** Donald Knuth, Author of the Art Of Computer Programming 11 01 **** Anniversary of Peoples Republic of Albania 11 01 **** Armed Forces Day (Liberia) 11 01 **** De Hostos' Birthday (PR) 11 01 **** Prithvi Jayanti (Nepal) 11 01 **** Prithvi Jayanti in Nepal 12 01 **** Zanzibar Revolution Day (Tanzania) 13 01 **** National Liberation Day (Togo) 15 01 **** Adults Day (Japan) 15 01 **** Arbor Day (Jordan) 16 01 **** Martyrs Day (Benin) 16 01 **** National Nothing Day 17 01 **** Benediction of animals 17 01 **** Passing of Gandalf (LOTR) 18 01 **** Revolution Day (Tunisia) 18 01 **** Southward Grey whale migration (CA) 19 01 **** Confederate Heroes Day (TX) 19 01 **** Ethopian Epiphany (Ethiopia) 19 01 **** Nameday of Archbishop Makarios (Cyprus) 20 01 **** Army Day (Mali) 20 01 **** Grandmother's day, young girls and boys are dunked in water for good health (Bulgaria) 20 01 **** National Heroes Day (Guinea-Bissau) 20 01 **** Presidential Inauguration Day 20 01 **** Reindeer Day 20 01 **** St. Agnes Eve (Ah, bitter chill it was...) 21 01 **** Our Lady of Altagracia (Dominican Republic) 23 01 **** Feast of St. Ildefonsus 23 01 **** National Handwriting Day 24 01 **** Economic Liberation Day (Togo) 25 01 **** Burns Night (Scotland) 26 01 **** Australia Day; observed on nearest Monday (Australia) 26 01 **** Republic Day (India) ?? 02 ???? Mo [3] Presidents Day 01 02 **** National Freedom Day 01 02 **** Oimelc (Winter purification & approach of spring) 02 02 **** Candlemas 02 02 **** Fred Flintstone's birthday 02 02 **** Ground Hog Day 03 02 **** Setsubun, Change of Season or "Bean Throwing Night" (Japan) 04 02 **** Independence Commemoration Day (Sri Lanka) 05 02 **** Constitution Day (Mexico) 06 02 **** New Zealand Day 07 02 **** Fellowship leaves Lorien (LOTR) 07 02 **** Independence Day (Grenada) 08 02 **** Anniversary, 1963 Revolution (Iraq) 09 02 **** St. Maron's Day (Lebanon) 10 02 **** Chinese New Year Holiday (3 days) 10 02 **** Feast of St. Paul's Shipwreck 11 02 **** Kigen Setsu, National Foundation Day (Japan) 11 02 **** National Inventor's Day 12 02 **** Georgia Day (GA) 12 02 **** Laura and James go on a picnic (TP) 12 02 **** Lincoln's Birthday 12 02 **** Pyidaungsa Day (Burma) 14 02 **** St. Valentine's day 15 02 **** Susan B. Anthony Day 15 02 **** The Roman Feast of Lupercalia to honor Faunus (Gk. Pan) and Juno (Gk. Hera) was celebrated. This later became St. Valentine's day. 16 02 **** Makha Bucha Day (Thailand) 17 02 **** Death of Boromir (LOTR) 18 02 **** Democracy Day (Nepal) 18 02 **** Independence Day (The Gambia) 18 02 **** National Bun Day (Iceland) 20 02 **** Meriadoc & Pippin meet Treebeard (LOTR) 22 02 **** Passing of King Ellesar (LOTR) 23 02 **** Laura's last day (TP) 23 02 **** Republic Day (Guyana) 24 02 **** Cooper comes to town to track down Laura's killer (TP) 24 02 **** Ents destroy Isengard (LOTR) 24 02 **** Gregorian Calendar Day 25 02 **** National Day (Kuwait) 25 02 **** Sarah sees Killer Bob in vision (TP) 26 02 **** Albert arrives in Twin Peaks and Cooper dreams (TP) 26 02 **** Aragorn takes the Paths of the Dead (LOTR) 27 02 **** Independence Day (Dominican Republic) 27 02 **** Maddie arrives and everyone goes to Laura's funeral (TP) 28 02 1972 "French Connection" drug bust occurs (Marseilles) 28 02 **** Hawk tracks down Phillip Gerard and Bernard was killed by Leo (TP) ?? 03 ???? Mo [L] Seward's Day (AK) 01 03 **** Cooper finds Jacques cabin (TP) 01 03 1969 Jim Morrison busted for obscenity (Miami) 01 03 **** Samil Independence Movement Day (South Korea) 01 03 **** St. David's day (Patron saint of Wales) 02 03 1949 Blues guitarist Rory Gallagher born (Ballyshannon, Ireland) 02 03 **** Peasants Day (Burma) 02 03 **** Texas Independence day (TX) 02 03 **** The cataclysm - Waldo was killed, Cooper and Leo are shot, Catherine and Shelley are in the fire and we wait till next season (TP) 02 03 **** Victory of Adowa (Ethiopia) 03 03 1966 Buffalo Springfield formed (Los Angeles) 03 03 **** Cooper meets a giant, Leo, Cooper and Nadine are fine (TP) 03 03 **** Hinamatsuri, Girl's Doll Festival ("Five Festivals", Japan) 03 03 **** Throne Day (Morocco) 04 03 1791 Vermont Admission Day (14th state) 05 03 **** Frodo & Samwise encounter Shelob (LOTR) 05 03 **** Independence Day (Equatorial Guinea) 05 03 1982 John Belushi, actor, died (Los Angeles) 06 03 **** Chikyu Setsu, Empress's Birthday (Japan) 06 03 1944 David Gilmour born (Cambridge, England) 06 03 **** Independence Day (Ghana) 08 03 **** Deaths of Denethor & Theoden (LOTR) 08 03 **** International Women's Day (U.S.S.R.) 08 03 **** Syrian National Day (Libyan Arab Republic) 08 03 **** Women's Day (Guinea-Bissau, Taiwan, Yemen Democratic Republic) 08 03 **** Youth Day (Zambia) 09 03 **** Decoration Day (Liberia) 09 03 **** Falgun Purnima Day (Nepal) 10 03 **** Labor Day (South Korea) 10 03 **** Riku gun Kenenbi, Japanese Army Commemoration Day (Japan) 11 03 **** Johnny Appleseed Day 12 03 **** Commonwealth Day (Swaziland) 12 03 **** Independence Day (Mauritius) 12 03 **** Moshoeshoe's Birthday (Lesotho) 12 03 **** Renovation Day (Gabon) 13 03 1971 Allman Brothers record live album (Fillmore East) 13 03 **** National Day (Grenada) 15 03 **** Buzzards return to Hinckley, Ohio (OH) 15 03 **** J.J. Robert's Birthday (Liberia) 16 03 **** Black Press Day 17 03 **** Evacuation Day (Suffolk County, MA) 17 03 1942 Paul Kantner (Jefferson Airplane) born (San Francisco) 17 03 **** St. Patrick's Day 17 03 **** World Maritime Day 18 03 **** Destruction of Ring (LOTR) 19 03 **** St. Joseph's Day (Colombia, Costa Rica, Holy See, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Spain, Venezuela) 19 03 **** The day the swallows return to San Juan Capistrano (CA) 19 03 **** Tree Planting Day (Lestho) 20 03 **** Independence Day (Tunisia) 20 03 **** Youth Day (OK) 21 03 **** Afghan New Year (Afghanistan) 21 03 **** Juarez' Birthday (Mexico) 21 03 **** Shunki Korei Sai, Spring Equinox Festival for Imperial Ancestors (Japan) 22 03 **** Abolition Day (PR) 23 03 **** Pakistan Day (Pakistan) 25 03 1943 Aretha Franklin born (Detroit) 25 03 **** Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, aka Our Lady's Day or Lady Day and in England as Quarter Day 25 03 **** Greek Independence Day (Cyprus) 25 03 **** Maryland Day (MD) 25 03 **** National Holiday (Greece) 25 03 **** New Year's Day in England from the C12 until 1752 26 03 **** Independence Day (Bangladesh) 26 03 **** Kuhio Day in Hawaii, honoring beloved Prince Kuhio of Kauai, the last member of Hawaiian royalty to wield political power 26 03 **** Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole Day (HI) 27 03 **** Armed Forces Day (Burma) 27 03 **** Tony Banks born (England, 1950) 29 03 **** Flowering of the Mallorn 29 03 **** Flowering of the Mallorn (LOTR) 29 03 **** Memorial Day (Madagascar) 29 03 **** President Barthelemy Boganda died (Central African Republic) 30 03 **** Eric Clapton, rock musician, born (Surrey, England, 1945) 31 03 **** National Day (Malta) ?? 04 ???? Fr [L] Arbor Day ?? 04 ???? Mo [3] Patriot's Day (ME & MA) ?? 04 ???? Mo [L] Arbor Day (WY) ?? 04 ???? Mo [L] Confederate Memorial Day (AL & MS) ?? 04 ???? Su [1] <4> Daylight Savings Time Begins (set clocks forward 1 h) ?? 04 ???? We [4] National Secretary Day 01 04 **** April Fool's Day 01 04 **** Beginning of the financial year (Britain) 01 04 **** Saint Stupid's Day (a San Francisco tradition since 1980) 01 04 **** Youth Day (Benin) 02 04 **** Emperor Charlemagne ( 742) 02 04 **** International Children's Book Day 02 04 **** Malvinas Day (Argentina) 02 04 **** Pascua Florida Day (FL) 03 04 **** Doris Day, actress, was born (Ohio, 1924) 03 04 **** Jimmu Tenno Sai, Demise of the First Emperor (Japan) 04 04 **** Ching Ming Festival (Hong Kong) 04 04 **** Gandalf visits Bilbo (LOTR) 04 04 **** Golden Gate Park established by City Order 04 04 **** Liberation Day (Hungary) 04 04 **** Muddy Waters (McKinley Morganfield) born (Rolling Fork, MS, 1915) 04 04 **** National Day (Senegal) 04 04 **** Tandy Corp. acquires Radio Shack, 1963 (9 stores) 05 04 **** Arbor Day (South Korea) 05 04 **** British income tax is due 05 04 **** Tomb Sweeping Day (Taiwan) 06 04 **** Bob Marley born Rhoden Hall (Jamaica, 1945) 06 04 **** Chakri Memorial Day (Thailand) 06 04 **** Victory Day (Ethiopia) 07 04 **** Albert Hofmann synthesizes LSD (Switzerland, 1943) 07 04 **** Alewives run (Cape Cod, MA) 07 04 **** Bill Kreutzmann born (Palo Alto, 1946) 07 04 **** Verrazano Day (NY) 08 04 **** Fast & Prayer Day (Liberia) 08 04 **** Kambutsue, celebration of Buddha's birthday (Japan) 09 04 **** Martyrs Day (Tunisia) 10 04 **** Bunny Wailer born Neville O'Reilly Livingston (Kingston, 1947) 11 04 **** Barber Shop Quartet Day 11 04 **** National Heroes Day (Costa Rica) 12 04 **** Thomas Jefferson's Birthday (AL) 13 04 **** Laotian New Year (3 days, Laos) 13 04 **** National Day (Chad) 13 04 **** Roman feast of the Goddess Liberty 13 04 **** Samuel Beckett born (outside Dublin, 1906) 13 04 **** Songkron Day (Thailand) 14 04 **** Day of the Americas (Honduras) 14 04 **** Pan American Day 15 04 **** Bengali New Year (Bangladesh) 15 04 **** Federal Income Tax is Due 15 04 **** Swallow Day, the day swallows are said to return (England) 16 04 **** Charles (Charlie) Chaplin, actor, born (London, 1889) 16 04 **** Holy Week (5 days) (Venezuela) 16 04 **** Jose de Diego's Birthday (PR) 16 04 **** Tourist Week (5 days) (Uruguay) 17 04 **** An unexpected party (LOTR) 17 04 **** Burmese New Year (Burma) 18 04 **** Independence Day (Chile, Zimbabwe) 19 04 **** Declaration of Independence (Venezuela) 19 04 **** Landing of the "33" (Uruguay) 19 04 **** Patriot's Day 19 04 **** Republic Day (Sierra Leone) 21 04 **** Lyrid meteor shower 21 04 **** San Jacinto Day (TX) 21 04 **** Tiradentes (Brazil) 22 04 **** Arbor Day (NE & DE) 22 04 **** Earth Day 22 04 **** Oklahoma Day (OK) 22 04 **** Sniff the breeze day, celebrated by picnicking near the Nile and inhaling breaths of the departing spring air (Egypt) 23 04 **** Crowning of King Ellesar (LOTR) 23 04 **** Independence Day (Turkey) 23 04 **** St. George's Day - patron saint of England 24 04 **** Victory Day (Togo) 25 04 **** Anniversary of the Revolution (Portugal) 25 04 **** Anzac Day (Australia, New Zealand, Tonga, Western Samoa) 25 04 **** Liberation Day (Italy) 25 04 **** National Flag Day (Swaziland) 26 04 **** Carol Burnett, comedian, born (San Antonio, TX, 1933) 26 04 **** Confederate Memorial Day (FL & GA) 26 04 **** Union Day (Tanzania) 26 04 **** William Shakespeare baptized (Stratford-on-Avon, England, 1564) 27 04 **** Independence Day (Togo) 27 04 **** Magellan killed (Philippines, 1521) 28 04 **** Zilog Z-80 introduced 29 04 **** Beginning of the festival of the goddess Flora in ancient Rome which is thought to be the origin of May Day 29 04 **** Tencho Setsu, Emperor's Birthday (Japan) 29 04 **** William Randolph Hearst, newspaper publisher (SF Examiner) (San Francisco 1863) 30 04 **** Queen's Birthday (Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles) 30 04 **** Sho Konsai, Commemoration for the Departed (Japan) 30 04 **** The Workers Day (Uruguay) 30 04 **** Walpurgisnacht, Witch's sabbath is held in the Harz mountains of Germany, a time of great evil ?? 05 ???? Mo [1] Bank Holiday (UK) ?? 05 ???? Mo [3] Memorial Day (MI) ?? 05 ???? Mo [L] Memorial Day ?? 05 ???? Sa [3] Armed Force's Day ?? 05 ???? Su [2] Mother's Day 01 05 **** Beltane (Great fertility festival) 01 05 **** Labor Day (many places) 01 05 **** Law Day (declared by Eisenhower) 01 05 **** Loyalty Day 01 05 **** May Day 02 05 **** Constitution Day (Japan) 02 05 **** King's Birthday (Lesotho) 02 05 **** Memorial Day for the Emperor Shomu (Japan) 03 05 **** Bob Seger born (Ann Arbor, MI, 1945) 04 05 **** Last day of the Roman Floralia festival 04 05 **** Rhode Island Independence Day 05 05 **** Children's Day (South Korea) 05 05 **** Cinco de Mayo Fiesta (Mexico) 05 05 **** Coronation Day (Thailand) 05 05 **** Independence Day/Battle of Puebla (Mexico) 05 05 **** Liberation Day (Netherlands) 05 05 **** Tango-no-sekku, Boy's Festival ("Five Festivals", Japan) 06 05 **** Bataan Day (Philippines) 06 05 **** Daniel Gerber, beloved by babies at mealtime 08 05 **** Buddha's Birthday (South Korea) 08 05 **** Elections for National Assembly (Philippines) 08 05 **** Harry S. Truman's Birthday (MO) 08 05 **** V-E Day (Victory in Europe day) 09 05 **** Liberation Day (Czechoslovakia) 09 05 **** Victory Day (Poland, U.S.S.R.) 10 05 **** Confederate Memorial Day (SC) 10 05 **** Dave Mason born (Worcester, England, 1945) 10 05 **** Mothers Day (Guatamala) 10 05 **** Native American Day 11 05 **** Minnesota Day (MN) 13 05 **** Leprechaun Day 14 05 **** Anniversary of Founding of Guinean Democratic Party (Guinea) 14 05 **** Buddhist Holiday (Waisak 2528) (Indonesia) 14 05 **** Independence Day (2 days) (Paraguay) 14 05 **** Unification Day (Liberia) 15 05 **** Brian Peter George St. John de Baptiste de la Salle Eno born (Woodbridge, England, 1948) 15 05 **** Kamuzu Day (Malawi) 15 05 **** Mike Oldfield born (Essex, England, 1953) 15 05 **** Vesak Day (Singapore, Malaysia) 15 05 **** Visakha Bucha Day (Thailand) 16 05 **** Discovery Day (Cayman Islands) 17 05 **** Constitution Day (Nauru, Norway) 18 05 **** Battle of Las Piedras (Uruguay) 18 05 **** Flag Day (Haiti) 18 05 **** Prayer Day (Denmark) 18 05 **** Rick Wakeman, composer/musician, born (West London, England, 1949) 19 05 **** Arwen leaves Lorian to wed King Ellesar (LOTR) 19 05 **** Pete Townshend born (London, 1945) 19 05 **** Youth & Sports Day (Turkey) 20 05 **** Mecklenburg Independence Day (NC) 20 05 **** National Day (Cameroon) 21 05 **** Battle of Iquique (Chile) 22 05 **** Alexander the Great defeats Darius at Granicus (334 0) 22 05 **** National Heroes Day (Sri Lanka) 22 05 **** National Maritime Day 23 05 **** Commonwealth Day (Jamaica, Belize) 23 05 **** National Labor Day (Jamaica) 24 05 **** Battle of Pinchincha (Ecuador) 24 05 **** Bermuda Day (Bermuda) 24 05 **** Bob Dylan (Robert Zimmerman), folk singer, born (Duluth, 1941) 24 05 **** British Empire Day 24 05 **** Day of Slav Letters (Bulgaria) 25 05 **** African Freedom Day (Zimbabwe) 25 05 **** African Liberation Day (Chad, Mauritania, Zambia) 25 05 **** Anniversary of Revolution of 1810 (Argentina) 25 05 **** Independence Day (Jordan) 25 05 **** Memorial Day (NM & PR) 25 05 **** Revolution in Sudan (Libyan Arab Republic) 27 05 **** Feast of Saint Bede the Venerable 27 05 **** Kaigun Kinenbi, Navy Commemoration Day (Japan) 28 05 **** Mothers Day (Central African Republic) 29 05 **** Jefferson Davis's Birthday (MS) 30 05 **** Decoration Day 31 05 **** Pya Martyrs Day (Togo) 31 05 **** Republic Day (South Africa) ?? 06 ???? Mo [1] Jefferson Davis's Birthday (AL & MS) ?? 06 ???? Su [2] Children's Day ?? 06 ???? Su [3] Father's Day 01 06 **** Independence Days (3 days) (Western Samoa) 01 06 **** Madaraka Day (Kenya) 01 06 **** Victory Day (Tunisia) 02 06 **** Corpus Christi (Paraguay) 02 06 **** Republic (Constitution) Day (Italy) 03 06 **** Bank Holiday (Rep. of Ireland) 03 06 **** Confederate Memorial Day (KY & LA) 03 06 **** Egg Day 03 06 **** Jefferson Davis's Birthday (FL, GA, KY, & SC) 03 06 **** Labor Day (Bahamas) 04 06 **** Dragon Boat Festival (Hong Kong, Taiwan) 04 06 **** Emancipation Day (Tonga) 04 06 **** Old Maid's Day 04 06 **** Queen's Birthday (New Zealand) 05 06 **** Constitution Day (Denmark) 05 06 **** Liberation Day (Seychelles) 06 06 **** "Rock Around The Clock" makes Billboard's 06 06 **** His Majesty, Yang Di-Pertuan Agong's Birthday (Malaysia) 06 06 **** Memorial Day (South Korea) 07 06 **** Blind Faith debuts in concert (London's Hyde Park, 1969) 09 06 **** Les Paul (Lester Polfus), guitarist, born (Waukesha, WI, 1923) 09 06 **** Senior Citizen's Day (OK) 09 06 **** Vestalia, ancient Roman feast to the goddess Vesta, the virgin goddess of hearth and home 10 06 **** Camoes Day (Portugal) 10 06 **** Denver police tear gas Jethro Tull & 2000 fans (Red Rocks, 1971) 10 06 **** Egyptian Day, considered unlucky in the Middle Ages 10 06 **** Howlin' Wolf (Chester Burnett) born (West Point, MS, 1910) 11 06 **** King Kamehameha I Day (HI) 11 06 **** Queen's Birthday (celebrated) (UK) 11 06 **** Sauron attacks Osgilliath (LOTR) 12 06 **** Independence Day (Philippines) 12 06 **** Peace with Bolivia (Paraguay) 13 06 **** Bilbo returns to Bag End (LOTR) 13 06 **** Corrective Movement (Yemen Arab Republic) 13 06 **** Kitchen Klutzs of America Day 13 06 **** The National Asparagus Festival 14 06 **** Flag Day 15 06 **** Harry Nilsson, singer-songwriter, born (Brooklyn, 1941) 15 06 **** USAF launches first "Big Bird" reconnaissance satellites 16 06 **** "The Blues Brothers" premieres (Chicago, 1980) 16 06 **** Bloomsday - Anniversary of Dublin events, 1904 (Ireland) 17 06 **** Bunker Hill Day (Suffolk County, MA) 17 06 **** Independence Day (Iceland) 17 06 **** National Day (Tag der deutschen Einheit) (Federal Republic of Germany) 18 06 **** Evacuation Day (Egypt) 18 06 **** Queen's Birthday (Fiji) 19 06 **** Artigas Birthday (Uruguay) 19 06 **** Emancipation Day (TX) 19 06 **** Labor Day (Trinidad, Tobago) 19 06 **** Revolution Day (Algeria) 20 06 **** Flag Day (Argentina) 20 06 **** National Bald Eagle Day 20 06 **** West Virginia Day (WV) 22 06 **** Antiochus III, the Great, was defeated by Ptolemy the IV, King of Egypt (217 0) 22 06 **** Corrective Movement (Yemen Democratic Republic) 22 06 **** Midsummer Eve (Finland, Sweden) 22 06 **** National Sovereignty Day (Haiti) 22 06 **** Todd Rundgren born (Upper Darby, PA, 1948) 23 06 **** National Holiday (Luxembourg) 23 06 **** Wedding of Ellesar & Arwen (LOTR) 24 06 **** Battle of Carabobob (Venezuela) 24 06 **** Fisherman's Day (Madagascar, Mozambique, Somalia) 24 06 **** Jeff Beck born (Surrey, England, 1944) 24 06 **** Kings Day (Spain) 24 06 **** Midsummer Day (Europe) 24 06 **** Peasants Day (Peru) 24 06 **** St. Jean-Baptiste Day (Quebec) 27 06 **** National Fink Day 28 06 **** Mothers Day (Central African Republic) 29 06 **** Independence Day (Seychelles) 29 06 **** Last Day of Ramadan* (Algeria, Oman) 29 06 **** St. Peter's Day 30 06 **** Day of the Army (Guatemala) 30 06 **** First advanced degree on computer related topic to H. Karamanian, for symbolic differentiation on ENIAC (Temple University, Philadelphia, 1948) 30 06 **** Independence Day (Zaire) 30 06 **** St. Paul's Day 01 07 **** "Wolfman Jack", a howling success in radio 01 07 **** Canada Day 01 07 **** Eid-Ul-Fitr* (2 days) (Pakistan) 01 07 **** Freedom Day (Suriname) 01 07 **** Independence Day (Burundi) 01 07 **** National Day (Rwamda) 01 07 **** Republic Day (Ghana) 01 07 **** Union of the Somalia Republic (Somalia) 02 07 **** National Day (Kiribati) 03 07 **** Dog days begin 04 07 **** Caribbean Day (Guyana) 04 07 **** Constitution Day (Cayman Islands) 04 07 **** Family Day (Lesotho) 04 07 **** Gandalf imprisoned by Suruman (LOTR) 04 07 **** Heroes Day (Zambia) 04 07 **** Independence Day 04 07 **** Kadooment Day (Barbados) 04 07 **** Philippine-American Friendship Day (Philippines) 04 07 **** Warriors Day (2 days) (Yugoslavia) 05 07 **** Day of Peace & Unity (Rwanda) 05 07 **** Independence Day (Algeria, Venezuela) 05 07 **** Mariner 5 flies by Mars (1967?) 06 07 **** Jefferson Airplane formed (San Francisco, 1965) 06 07 **** Premiere of first talking motion picture (New York City, 1928) 07 07 **** Anniversary of the P.U.N. (Equatorial Guinea) 07 07 **** National Day (Malawi) 07 07 **** Saba Saba Day (Tanzania) 07 07 **** Tanabata, Weaver's Festival ("Five Festivals", Japan) 09 07 **** Independence Day (Argentina) 10 07 **** Independence Day (Bahamas) 11 07 **** National Holiday (Mongolian People's Republic) 12 07 **** Battle of Boyne celebrated (Northern Ireland) 12 07 **** Chicago DJ Steve Dahl holds "Disco Demolition" (Kamisky Park, 1979) 12 07 **** The Twelfth (Northern Ireland) 13 07 **** Buddhist Lent (Thailand) 13 07 **** Start of the Bon Festival (Japan) 14 07 **** Anniversary of the Revolution (Iraq) 14 07 **** Bastille Day (France) 14 07 **** National Holiday (Monaco) 15 07 **** National Ice Cream Day 15 07 **** St. Swithin's Day 16 07 **** Bennington Battle Day (VT) 16 07 **** Cream forms (U.K., 1966) 16 07 **** Harry Chapin died (Long Island Expressway, 1981) 16 07 **** National Blueberry Festival 16 07 **** Presidents Day (Botswanna) 16 07 **** Start of Spaceweek 17 07 **** "Yellow Submarine" premieres (London Pavilion, 1968) 17 07 **** Constitution Day (South Korea) 17 07 **** July Revolution (Iraq) 17 07 **** Munoz Rivera's Birthday (PR) 17 07 **** Munoz Rivera's Birthday (Puerto Rico) 17 07 **** Pioneer 7 launched 17 07 **** Public Holiday (Botswanna) 18 07 **** Constitution Day (Uruguay) 18 07 **** Liberation Day (Nicaragua) 18 07 **** National Day (Spain) 19 07 **** Martyrs Day (Burma) 20 07 **** Carlos Santana born (Autlan, Mexico, 1947) 20 07 **** Independence Day (Colombia) 21 07 **** National Holiday (Belgium) 22 07 **** King's Birthday (Swaziland) 22 07 **** National Day (Poland) 23 07 **** Anniversary of the Revolution (Egypt) 23 07 **** Eqyptian National Day (Syrian Arab Republic) 23 07 **** Remembrance Day (Papua, New Guinea) 24 07 **** First launch from Cape Canaveral: V-2/WAC Corporal combination 24 07 **** Pioneer Day (UT) 24 07 **** Simon Bolivar's Day (Ecuador, Venezuela) 24 07 **** The ring comes to Bilbo (LOTR) 25 07 **** Bob Dylan goes electric (Newport Folk Festival, 1965) 25 07 **** Constitution Day (PR) 25 07 **** Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young debut (Fillmore East, 1969) 25 07 **** Feast of St. Christopher 25 07 **** Grotto Day (England) 25 07 **** National Rebellion Day (3 days) (Cuba) 25 07 **** Republic Day (Tunisia) 26 07 **** Bilbo rescued from Wargs by Eagles (LOTR) 26 07 **** Independence Day (Liberia) 26 07 **** Mick Jagger born (Kent, England, 1943) 26 07 **** National Day (Maldives) 26 07 **** the start of the Black-Eyed Peas Jamboree in Athens, Texas 27 07 **** Barbosa's Birthday (PR) 27 07 **** Barbosa's Birthday (Puerto Rico) 28 07 **** Independence Days (2 days) (Peru) 28 07 **** Richard Wright born (London, 1945) 28 07 **** festival of Neptune. In Roman times they sacrificed bulls and horses. 29 07 **** Hamburg feast of cherries (Germany) 29 07 **** Olsok Eve, commemorating Viking King St. Olav (Norway) 29 07 **** Rain Day (Waynesburg, PA) 30 07 **** Delta Aquarid meteor shower peaks, 10-35 falls/hr (look south) 31 07 **** Revolution Day (Congo) ?? 08 ???? Fr [3] Admission Day (HI, 1984) ?? 08 ???? Mo [1] Bank Holiday (Scotland, Northern Ireland) ?? 08 ???? Mo [L] Bank Holiday (England, Wales) 01 08 **** Confederation Day (Switzerland) 01 08 **** Discovery Day (Trinidad, Tobogo) 01 08 **** Emancipation Day (Granada) 01 08 **** Founding of Asuncion (Paraguay) 01 08 **** Freedom Day (Guyana) 01 08 **** Lughnasadh (Festival of fruits; death of sacred king) 01 08 **** National Holidays (5 days) (El Salvador) 01 08 **** Parent's Day (Zaire) 02 08 **** Our Lady of Los Angeles (Costa Rica) 03 08 **** Ernie Pyle Day (NM) 03 08 **** Funeral of King Theoden (LOTR) 03 08 **** Independence Day (Jamaica, Niger) 03 08 **** Massacre du Pidjiguiti (Guinea-Bissau) 03 08 **** Memorial Day of Archbishop Makarios (Cyprus) 04 08 **** Freedom Day (Guyana) 06 08 **** Bank Holiday (Australia, Fiji, Iceland) 06 08 **** Caricom (Barbados) 06 08 **** Emancipation Day (Bahamas) 06 08 **** Feast of the Transfiguration 06 08 **** Hiroshima Day (Japan) 06 08 **** Independence Day (Bolivia) 07 08 **** Battle of Boyaca (Colombia) 09 08 **** National Day (Singapore) 10 08 **** Ian Anderson (Jethro Tull) born (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1947) 10 08 **** Independence Day (Ecuador) 11 08 **** Dog days end 11 08 **** Heroes Day (2 days) (Zimbabwe) 11 08 **** Independence Day (Chad) 11 08 **** King Hussein's Accession to Throne (Jordan) 11 08 **** Perseid meteor shower, 50-100 falls/hr (look north; three days) 12 08 **** Queen's Birthday (Thailand) 13 08 **** Dan Fogelberg, singer, was born (Peoria, IL, 1951) 13 08 **** Festival of Diana 13 08 **** International Left-handers Day 13 08 **** Proclamation of Independence (Central African Republic) 13 08 **** Women's Day (Tunisia) 14 08 **** Independence Day (Pakistan) 14 08 **** Victory Day (RI) 14 08 **** Waddi Dhahab (Morocco) 15 08 **** Beatles play Shea Stadium (New York City, 1965) 15 08 **** Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary 15 08 **** Founding of Ascuncion (Paraguay) 15 08 **** Gandhi's movement obtains independence (Pakistan, India, 1947) 15 08 **** Independence Day (Congo, India) 15 08 **** Liberation Day (South Korea) 15 08 **** Santa Maria (Malta) 16 08 **** Independence Days (3 days, Gabon) 16 08 **** Restoration Day (Dominican Republic) 17 08 **** Anniversary of Death of General San Martin (Argentina) 17 08 **** Independence Day (Indonesia) 19 08 **** Independence Day (Afghanistan) 19 08 **** National Aviation day 20 08 **** Constitution Day (Hungary) 20 08 **** Robert Plant (Led Zeppelin) born (Worcestershire, England, 1948) 21 08 **** Admission Day (HI) 23 08 **** Keith Moon born (London, 1947) 23 08 **** Liberation Days (2 days) (Romania) 24 08 **** "Alice's Restaurant" premieres (New York City, Los Angeles, 1969) 24 08 **** -126.9 degrees F (Vostok, Antarctica, 1960) 24 08 **** National Flag Day (Liberia) 24 08 **** St. Bartholomew's Day 25 08 **** Constitution Day (Paragual) 25 08 **** Independence Day (Uruguay) 26 08 **** Jimi Hendrix gives last performance (Isle of Wight, 1970) 26 08 **** Jimi Hendrix's Electric Ladyland Studios opens (New York City, 1970) 26 08 **** Susan B. Anthony Day (MA) 27 08 **** Liberation Day (Hong Kong) 27 08 **** Stevie Ray Vaughn died in helicopter crash (East Troy, WI, 1990) 28 08 **** Heroes Day (Philippines) 29 08 **** Suruman enters Shire (LOTR) 30 08 **** Huey P. Long Day (LA) 30 08 **** St. Rose of Lima (Peru) 30 08 **** Victory Day (Turkey) 31 08 **** Independence Day (Trinidad, Tobago) 31 08 **** National Day (Malaysia) 31 08 **** Pashtoonian Day (Afghanistan) ?? 09 ???? Mo [1] Labor Day ?? 09 ???? Su [2] Grandparent's Day (1st Sun after Labor Day) 01 09 **** Army Day (Chile) 03 09 **** Anniversary of Founding of the Republic (San Marino) 03 09 **** Independence Day (Qatar) 03 09 **** Memorial Day (Tunisia) 04 09 **** Kid's Day 04 09 **** Los Angeles Day 05 09 **** First Continental Congress convened (Philadelphia, 1774) 06 09 **** Defense of Pakistan Day (Pakistan) 06 09 **** Roger Waters born (Surrey, England, 1944) 06 09 **** Settlers Day (South Africa) 06 09 **** Somhlolo (Swaziland) 07 09 **** Independence Day (Brazil) 07 09 **** Keith Moon (The Who) died of drug overdose (London, 1978) 08 09 **** Howard The Duck was blasted into a universe he never made (according to the Lucas movie) 08 09 **** International Literacy Day 08 09 **** Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (GD) born (San Bruno, CA, 1945) 09 09 **** Admission Day (CA) 09 09 **** Anniversary of Socialist Revolution (2 days, Bulgaria) 09 09 **** Choyo, Chrysanthemum Festival ("Five Festivals", Japan) 09 09 **** National Day (North Korea) 10 09 **** Gandalf escapes from Orthanc (LOTR) 10 09 **** Korean Thanksgiving Day (Chusuk) (South Korea) 10 09 **** Moon Festival (Taiwan) 10 09 **** National Day (Belize) 11 09 **** Ethiopian New Year (Ethiopia) 11 09 **** National Holiday (Chile) 12 09 **** Amilcar Cabral's Birthday (Guinea-Bissau) 12 09 **** Defender's Day (MD) 12 09 **** Revolution Day (Ethiopia) 13 09 **** Barry Day (commemorates death of Commodore John Barry) 14 09 **** Battle of San Jacinto (Nicaragua) 14 09 **** Constitution Day 14 09 **** Feast of the Exhaltation of the Cross 14 09 **** Frodo & Bilbo's birthday (LOTR) 15 09 **** Black riders enter Shire (LOTR) 15 09 **** Foundation of Panama (Panama) 15 09 **** Independence Day (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatamala, Honduras and Nicaragua) 15 09 **** Respect for the Aged Day (Japan) 16 09 **** B. B. King, blues singer, born (Itta Bena, MS, 1925) 16 09 **** Cherokee Strip Day (OK) 16 09 **** Independence Day (Mexico, Papua, New Guinea) 16 09 **** Independence Day, celebrated in Mexico 17 09 **** Citizenship Day 17 09 **** National Heroes Day (Angola) 18 09 **** Frodo & company rescued by Bombadil (LOTR) 18 09 **** Independence Day (Chile) 18 09 **** Victory of Uprona (Burundi) 19 09 **** Army Day (Chile) 19 09 **** James Garfield, 20th president, finally died of wounds from an assassination attempt (Baltimore, 1881) 19 09 **** Simon & Garfunkel reunite (Central Park, New York City, 1981) 20 09 **** Roxy Theater opens (Hollywood, 1973) 21 09 **** Independence Day (Belize) 21 09 **** Leonard Cohen born (Montreal, 1934) 22 09 **** Autumn Harvest Festival (Wheaton, IL) 22 09 **** Independence Day (Mali) 22 09 **** National Sovereignty Day (Haiti) 23 09 **** Grito de Lares (PR) 23 09 **** Shuki Korei Sai, Autumnal Equinox Festival for Imperial Ancestors (Japan) 23 09 **** The flower Audrey II was first placed on display by Seymour in Muschnik's Flower Shop (from the film, "Little Shop of Horrors") 24 09 **** Anniversary of Third Republic (Ghana) 24 09 **** Independence Day (Guinea-Bissau) 24 09 **** National Day (Saudi Arabia) 24 09 **** Our Lady of Mercedes (Dominican Republic) 24 09 **** Republic Day (Trinidad, Tobago) 25 09 **** Army Day (Mozambique) 25 09 **** Referendum Day (Rwanda) 26 09 **** National Day (Maldives, Yemen Democratic Republic) 26 09 **** Revolution Anniversary Day (Yemen Arab Republic) 27 09 **** Feast of Finding the True Cross (Ethiopia) 27 09 **** First passenger conveyed by locomotive (England, 1825) 28 09 **** Cabrillo discovers California (1542 ) 28 09 **** Confucious' Day (Taiwan) 28 09 **** Frodo wounded at Weathertop (LOTR) 28 09 **** Michaelmas Eve 28 09 **** Michelangelo Buanarroti born (Caprese, Italy, 1573) 29 09 **** Battle of Boqueron (Paraquay) 29 09 **** Feast of St. Michael (Michaelmas Day) 29 09 **** First U.S. shuttle launch following Challenger disaster (Discovery, 8:37 PDT, 1988) 30 09 **** Botswanna Day (Botswanna) ?? 10 ???? Mo [1] Child Health Day ?? 10 ???? Mo [1] Labor Day (Australia) ?? 10 ???? Mo [2] Columbus Day observed ?? 10 ???? Mo [2] Thanksgiving Day (Canada) ?? 10 ???? Su [L] <4> Daylight Savings Time Ends (set clocks back 1 h) 01 10 **** Armed Forces Day (South Korea) 01 10 **** Independence Day (Nigeria) 01 10 **** National Liberation Day (2 days) (China) 01 10 **** Public Holiday (Botswanna) 02 10 **** Anniversary of Guinean Independence (Guinea) 02 10 **** National Day (People's Republic of China) 03 10 **** Chung Yeung Festival (Hong Kong) 03 10 **** Francisco Morazan's Birthday (Honduras) 03 10 **** National Foundation Day (South Korea) 03 10 **** U.N. Day (Barbados) 04 10 **** Independence Day (Lesotho) 04 10 **** Janis Joplin died of heroin overdose (Hollywood, 1970) 04 10 **** St. Francis of Assisi (even though he died the day before) 04 10 **** St. Francis of Assisi (even though he died the day before) (1182-1226) 05 10 **** Anniversary of Proclamation of the Republic (Portugal) 05 10 **** Frodo crosses bridge of Mitheithel (LOTR) 05 10 **** Pablo Picasso born (Malaga, Spain, 1881) 06 10 **** National Sports Day (Lesotho) 06 10 **** St. Faith, who was a virgin, and several of her companions were martyred (4C) 06 10 **** Universal Children's Day 07 10 **** National Heroes Day (Jamaica) 08 10 **** Battle of Agamos (Peru) 08 10 **** Constitution Day (U.S.S.R.) 08 10 **** Discoverer's Day (HI) 08 10 **** Fiji Day (Fiji) 09 10 **** Independence Day (Uganda) 09 10 **** Independence of Guayaquil (Ecuador) 09 10 **** John Alec Entwistle born (London, England, 1944) 09 10 **** Korean Alphabet Day (South Korea) 09 10 **** Leif Erikson Day (commemorates discovery of North America in AD 1000) 09 10 **** Peter Tosh born Winston Hubert MacIntosh (West Morland, Jamaica, 1944) 09 10 **** Republic Day (Khmer Republic) 10 10 **** Beginning of Wars for Independence (Cuba) 10 10 **** Fiji Day (Fiji) 10 10 **** Foundation of Workers Party (North Korea) 10 10 **** Health-Sports Day (Japan) 10 10 **** John Prine born (Maywood, IL, 1946) 10 10 **** National Day (Taiwan) 10 10 **** Oklahoma Historical Day (OK) 11 10 **** "Saturday Night Live" premiers (NBC-TV, 1975) 11 10 **** Day of the Revolution (Panama) 11 10 **** Doug McIlroy invents the pipe (or "hose," 1964) 11 10 **** Druger Day (South Africa) 11 10 **** General Pulaski Memorial Day 12 10 **** Columbus Day (actual day; celebration is 2nd Mon) 12 10 **** Day of the Race (Argentina) 12 10 **** Discovery Day (Gahamas) 12 10 **** National Day (Equatorial Guinea, Spain) 12 10 **** Our Lady Aparecida Day (Brazil) 12 10 **** Pan American Day (Belize) 12 10 **** The Jimi Hendrix Experience formed (London, 1966) 13 10 **** Lenny Bruce born (New York City, 1925) 14 10 **** National Day (Yemen Arab Republic) 14 10 **** Young People's Day (Zaire) 15 10 **** Evacuation Day (Tunisia) 15 10 **** First FORTRAN Programmer's Reference Manual published 15 10 **** Mushroom Day 15 10 **** National Grouch Day 15 10 **** World Poetry Day 16 10 **** Bob Weir born Robert Hall (San Francisco, 1947) 16 10 **** Boromir reaches Rivendell (LOTR) 16 10 **** National Boss Day 17 10 **** Anniversary of Dessaline's Death (Haiti) 17 10 **** Council of Elrond (LOTR) 17 10 **** Heroes Day (Jamaica) 17 10 **** Kanname Sai, God's Tasting Ceremony, a Harvest Festival (Japan) 17 10 **** Mother's Day (Malawi) 18 10 **** Alaska Day (AK) 18 10 **** Feast Day of St. Luke 20 10 **** Anniversary of 1944 Revolution (Guatemala) 20 10 **** Kenyatta Day (Kenya) 20 10 **** Orionid meteor shower, 10-70 falls/hr (look south) 21 10 **** Armed Forces Day (Honduras) 21 10 **** Revolution Days (2 days) (Somalia) 22 10 **** Mothers-in-Law Day 23 10 **** Chulalongkron's Day (Thailand) 23 10 **** United States Day 24 10 **** Independence Day (Zambia) 24 10 **** United Nations Day 25 10 **** DEC announces VAX-11/780 25 10 **** End of War of the Ring (LOTR) 25 10 **** Jon Anderson (Yes) born (Lancashire, England, 1944) 25 10 **** Labor Day (New Zealand) 25 10 **** Saint Crispin's Day 25 10 **** Taiwan Restoration Day (Taiwan) 26 10 **** Agam Day (Nauru) 26 10 **** Armed Forces Day (Benin, Rwanda) 26 10 **** National Day (Austria) 28 10 **** Bank Holiday (Republic of Ireland) 28 10 **** Eli Whitney gets a patent for the Cotton Gin 28 10 **** National Holiday (Greece) 28 10 **** OHI Day (Cyprus) 29 10 **** Duane Allman died in motorcycle crash (near Macon, GA, 1971) 29 10 **** Republic Day (Turkey) 30 10 **** Devil's Night (MI) 30 10 **** Grace Slick, rock singer, born (Chicago, 1939) 30 10 **** Venmera 13 launched toward Venus 31 10 **** Halloween 31 10 **** National Magic Day, commemorating Houdini's death 31 10 **** Nevada Day (NV) 31 10 **** Reformation Day 31 10 **** Samhain (Celtic religious new year) ?? 11 **** +Th Thanksgiving Day, USA (last Thursday in November) 01 11 **** All Saints Day 01 11 **** fiscal new year for Hewlett Packard Company 02 11 **** Admission Day (ND, SD) 02 11 **** Jimi Hendrix's "Electric Ladyland" enters U.S. charts at 02 11 **** Memorial Day (Ecuador) 03 11 **** Independence from Columbia (Panama) 03 11 **** Independence of Cuenca (Ecuador) 03 11 **** James Taylor & Carly Simon married (Manhattan, 1972) 03 11 **** Meiji Setsu, Birthday of Meiji Tenno, 1864, "Unifier of the Nation" (Japan) 03 11 **** Thanksgiving Day (Liberia) 04 11 **** Flag Day (Panama) 04 11 **** Will Rogers Day 05 11 **** Guy Fawke's Day (U.K., commemorates the Gunpowder Plot of 1605) 06 11 **** Anniversary of October Socialist Revolution (2 days, U.S.S.R.) 06 11 **** Green March Day (Morocco) 06 11 **** Prophet Mohammed's Birthday (Malaysia) 07 11 **** Anniversary of Great October Revolution (Bulgaria) 07 11 **** October Revolution Day (Hungary) 08 11 **** Her Majesty, the Queen's Birthday (Nepal) 10 11 **** Greg Lake born (Bournemouth, England, 1948) 10 11 **** King's Birthday (Bhutan) 11 11 **** -Sa Sadie Hawkin's Day (1st Sat after Nov 11) 11 11 **** Armistice Day 11 11 **** Independence Day (Angola) 11 11 **** Independence of Cartagena (Colombia) 11 11 **** Republic Day (Maldives) 11 11 **** St. Martin's day or Martinmas 11 11 **** Veterans' Day 12 11 **** Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Birthday (Taiwan) 12 11 **** Elizabeth Cady Stanton Day 12 11 **** Prince Charles' Birthday (Fiji) 14 11 **** King Hussein's Birthday (Jordan) 15 11 **** Dynasty Day (Belgium) 15 11 **** Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil) 15 11 **** Thatlouang Festival (Laos) 16 11 **** Bilbo reaches Lonely Mountain (LOTR) 16 11 **** Oklahoma Heritage Week (OK) 17 11 **** Army Day (Zaire) 17 11 **** Corrective Movement (Syrian Arab Republic) 17 11 **** Great American Smoke Out Day 18 11 **** Battle of Viertieres (Haiti) 18 11 **** Independence Day (Morocco) 18 11 **** National Days (4 days) (Oman) 19 11 **** Anniversary of 1968 Coup by Army (Mali) 19 11 **** Discovery Day (PR) 19 11 **** Feast Day of S.A.S. Prince Rainier (Monaco) 19 11 **** Garifuna Settlement (Belize) 19 11 **** Prince of Wales Birthday (Fiji) 20 11 **** Duane Allman born (Nashville, TN, 1946) 20 11 **** Joe Walsh born (Cleveland, 1947) 20 11 **** Revolution Day (Mexico) 21 11 **** Day of Prayer & Repentance (Federal Republic of Germany) 22 11 **** Anniversary of Portuguese Aggression (Guinea) 22 11 **** Independence Day (Lebanon) 23 11 **** Niiname Sai, Tasting New Rice Ceremony, a Thanksgiving Day (Japan) 24 11 **** Anniversary of the New Regime (Zaire) 24 11 **** Lee Harvey Oswald killed by Jack Ruby (Dallas, 1963) 25 11 **** Independence Day (Suriname) 28 11 **** Independence Day (Albania, Mauritania) 28 11 **** Independence from Spain (Panama) 28 11 **** Proclamation of the Republic (Chad) 29 11 **** Day of the Republic (2 days, Yugoslavia) 29 11 **** Goodwill Day (Liberia) 29 11 **** John Mayall born (Cheshire, England, 1933) 29 11 **** Liberation Day (Albania) 29 11 **** National Day (Burma) 30 11 **** Independence Day (Barbados, Yemen Democratic Republic) 30 11 **** National Day (Benin) 30 11 **** National Heroes Day (Philippines) 30 11 **** St. Andrew's Day 01 12 **** Anniversary of Restoration of Independence (Portugal) 01 12 **** Independence Day (Central African Republic) 02 12 **** National Holiday (United Arab Emirates) 03 12 **** First successful human heart transplant by Dr. Christian Barnard (South Africa, 1967) 03 12 **** National Holiday (Laos) 04 12 **** Tommy Bolin died of heroin overdose (Miami, 1976) 05 12 **** Death of Sm8 (LOTR) 05 12 **** Nikolaustag (Germany) 05 12 **** St. Nicholas' Day 06 12 **** Independence Day (Finland) 06 12 **** Rolling Stones play Altamont Speedway (near San Francisco, 1969) 07 12 **** Delaware Day (DE) 07 12 **** Harry Chapin born (New York City, 1942) 07 12 **** Independence Day (Ivory Coast, Panama) 07 12 **** Prophet Mohammed's Birthday (Fiji) 08 12 **** Blessing of the Water (Uruguay) 08 12 **** Jim Morrison born (Melbourne, FL, 1943) 08 12 **** Mother's Day (Panama) 08 12 **** Our Lady of the Cacupe (Paraguay) 09 12 **** Independence Day (Tanzania) 09 12 **** The Who's "Tommy" premieres (London, 1973) 10 12 **** Foundation of Worker's Party (Angola) 10 12 **** Human Rights Day 10 12 **** Human Rights Day (United Nations) 10 12 **** Thai Constitution Day (Thailand) 10 12 **** Wyoming Day (WY) 11 12 **** Independence Day (Upper Volta) 12 12 **** Fiesta of anniversary of the Miracle of Guadalupe (Guadalupe) 12 12 **** Independence Day (Kenya) 12 12 **** National Ding-a-ling Day 13 12 **** Geminid meteor shower, 50-80 falls/hr, (look south) 13 12 **** Republic Day (Malta) 13 12 **** Ted Nugent, the motor city madman, born (Detroit, 1949) 15 12 **** Bill of Rights Day 15 12 **** Statue Day (Netherlands Antilles) 16 12 **** Constitution Day (Nepal) 16 12 **** Day of the Covenant (South Africa) 16 12 **** Fellowship begins Quest (LOTR) 16 12 **** National Day (Bahrain) 16 12 **** Victory Day (Bangladesh) 17 12 **** Arthur Fiedler (1894-1979) 17 12 **** Feast of Saint Lazarus 17 12 **** National Day (Bhutan) 17 12 **** Saturnalia revel 17 12 **** Wright Brothers Day 18 12 **** Republic Day (Niger) 19 12 **** Underdog Day 21 12 **** Forefathers' Day 21 12 **** Phineas Fogg completes trip around world in under 80 days 23 12 **** Victory Day (Egypt) 24 12 **** Christmas Eve 25 12 **** Birthday of Quaid-i-Azam (Pakistan) 25 12 **** Children's Day (Congo) 25 12 **** Christmas Day 25 12 **** Constitution Day (Taiwan) 25 12 **** Taisho Tenno Sai, Commemoration of the Demise of the Late Emperor (Japan) 26 12 **** Boxing Day (U.K.) 26 12 **** Family Day (South Africa) 26 12 **** Feast of Our Theotokos (Greece) 26 12 **** St. Stephen's Day 26 12 **** St. Stephens' Day 27 12 **** Bank Holiday (Cayman Islands) 27 12 **** Constitution Day (North Korea) 27 12 **** Public Holiday (Lesotho, Zimbabwe) 28 12 **** Edgar Winter born (Beaumont, TX, 1946) 28 12 **** Feast of Fools 29 12 **** Civic Holidays (3 days) (Costa Rica) 29 12 **** His Majesty, the King's Birthday (Nepal) 30 12 **** Anniversary of Democratic Republic of Madagascar (Madagascar) 31 12 **** Bank Holiday (El Salvador, Honduras, Pakistan) 31 12 **** Feed Yourself Day (Benin) 31 12 **** New Year's Eve 31 12 **** Proclamation of the Republic (Congo) 31 12 **** St. Sylvester (Switzerland) 07 04 0030 Most likely date of the crucifixion of Christ. See "The Calendar" by Philips, Cambridge 1921 29 08 0030 St. John the Baptist beheaded by Herod rewarding Salome for dance 14 05 0033 The day commonly accepted as the day of Christ's ascension 13 12 0037 Nero, Roman emperor, was born 25 07 0044 St James, Patron Saint (Spain) beheaded by Herod in Jerusalem 07 08 0044 King Herod, persecutor of the Apostles, died 11 04 0052 The trial of Milo for the murder of Claudius begins in Rome 13 10 0054 Roman Emperor Claudius died 10 02 0060 St. Paul's Shipwreck ?? ?? 0061 Spinden date for the Leyden Plate, a carved jade plaque in Mexico 18 10 0063 St Luke was crucified on an olive tree 18 07 0064 Rome burns for 9 days again, this time under Nero 12 04 0065 Seneca, the Roman Philosopher was killed by order of Nero 01 08 0067 St. Peter executed ?? ?? 0068 Spinden date for oldest stone monument or stela, in Mexico 09 06 0068 Nero commits suicide 21 06 0070 The foundation stone for the Capitoline Temple was laid in Rome 30 11 0070 St. Andrew was crucified 24 08 0079 Pliny the Elder, naturalist and author, died during the Vesuvius eruption 24 08 0079 Pompeii buried 24 08 0079 Vesuvius erupts covering Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae with 60ft of ash and mud 09 05 1979 94 degrees F (New York City) 27 06 1915 100 degrees F (Fort Yukon) 13 09 0122 Building of Hadrian's Wall began 19 02 0197 Albinus was defeated near Lyons ?? ?? 0217 Year of oldest Pueblo roofbeam that can be carbon-14 dated 14 02 0278 St. Valentine beheaded 24 02 0303 Galerius Valerius Maximianus issues the first edict of persecution against the Christians, in Rome 03 07 0303 St. Phocas beheaded by Roman executioners in his own home 09 01 0309 St. Marciana was martyred by being torn to bits by a leopard and a wild bull in the Caesarea amphitheater 26 11 0311 St Peter, martyr and bishop of Alexandria, died 28 10 0312 Constantine's army defeats forces of Maxentius at Mulvian Bridge 25 08 0325 The ending of the General Council of Nicaea, which settled on the rules for computing the day for Easter 25 12 0336 First recorded celibration of Christmas on this day takes place in Rome 22 05 0337 Constantine the Great, Roman emperor, died 06 12 0342 St. Nicholas, archbishop of Myrna and confessor, patron saint of Russia, mariners, youth and virgins, died 13 11 0354 St. Augustine of Hippo born in Numidia, Algeria ?? ?? 0400 Heyday of the Moundbuilders in Mississippi and Ohio valleys 23 08 0410 Rome was take by the Visigoths 24 08 0410 Alaric takes Rome 12 06 0445 Roman emperor Maximus born 15 07 0455 Rome taken and pillaged by Genseric 22 08 0565 St. Columba reports seeing monster in Loch Ness 08 06 0570 Mohammed, prophet 26 05 0604 Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, died 08 10 0622 Mohammed, the prophet of Islam makes public entrance to Medina marking the beginning of the Moslem era 08 09 0695 Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, instituted ?? ?? 0725 Casa Grande, an Indian fort and large irrigation works built - Arizona 02 04 0742 Charlemagne, King of the Franks, was born 25 12 0800 Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the West by Pope Leo III ?? ?? 0850 Norsemen defeat Irishmen, eject them from Iceland 10 04 0879 Louis the II of France died ?? ?? 0985 Eric the Red colonizes Greenland 17 03 0988 The city of Dublin, Ireland founded ?? ?? 1000 Leif, Eric's son, builds dwelling on NE coast of Newfoundland ?? ?? 1000 Tiahuanaco civilization in Peru, widespread planting of potatoes, corn 09 10 1000 Leif Ericson discovers "Vinland" (possibly New England) 29 07 1030 King Olaf II of Norway was killed in battle 20 07 1031 Robert II, King of France, died 04 07 1054 brightest known super-nova starts shining, for 23 days ?? ?? 1056 Beginning of the democratic Pataria movement in Milan 15 08 1057 Macbeth, King of Scotland, was slain by the son of King Duncan 05 12 1057 Scottish King MacBeth died 25 09 1066 King Harold defeats Tostig at Stamford Bridge 28 09 1066 William the Conqueror invades England 14 10 1066 Battle of Hastings, in which William the Conqueror wins England 14 10 1066 King Harold, the last Saxon king of England was killed at the Battle of Hastings 04 06 1070 Roquefort cheese developed 10 09 1087 William the Conqueror died at 61 from an earlier fall from his horse. He was too obese to fit in his coffin and in forcing him to fit the monks accidentally ruptured him giving off a terrible smell that drove mourners away ?? ?? 1100 Mayan civilization reaches its height in Central America 05 07 1100 Crusaders take Jerusalem after 5 week siege. In rage they kill 10000 men women and children 02 08 1100 William II of England was killed in a hunting accident 27 04 1124 The accession of David I of Scotland 17 07 1134 The Moors defeat the Spanish at Fraga 25 07 1139 Portuguese defeat Moors at Ourique 08 09 1157 King Richard I of England born 25 06 1178 5 Canterbury monks report something exploding on the Moon (only known observation) 27 02 1189 The Lionheart crowned 03 09 1189 Richard the Lionhearted was crowned king of England 16 08 1191 Richard I leader in the Crusades executed 2500 Turks to make medicine from their bile 01 01 1198 First annual Festival of Fools in Paris ridiculing nuns and priests 07 04 1199 Richard I Coeur de Lion, King of England, died 01 04 1204 Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France, died ?? ?? 1215 King John seals Magna Carta at Runnymede. But not made law until 1297 15 06 1215 King John signs the Magna Carta at Runnymede 19 10 1216 King John of England died ?? ?? 1225 Magna Carta reissued for third time in definitive form 03 10 1226 St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order, died in a small chapel at Portiuncula 18 08 1227 Genghis Khan, Mongol emperor, died 22 11 1247 Robin Hood died according to "A Lytell Geste of Robyn Hood" printed in 1495 04 06 1250 Kublai becomes Khan ?? ?? 1254 Birth of Marco Polo, explorer who will bring pasta to Italy from China 10 02 1258 Mongols sack Baghdad 25 07 1261 a virtually undefended Constantinople falls to the Nicaean Army 14 05 1264 Victory of English barons at the battle of Lewes 20 01 1265 1st English Parliament called into session by the Earl of Leicester 20 01 1265 First English Parliament 20 01 1265 The first assembly of the Commons as an agreed representational body (according to Sir William Dugdale) 01 05 1265 Dante Alighieri, Italian poet, was born 11 07 1274 Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, was born 30 03 1282 A Sicilian woman of Palermo was sexually assaulted by a French soldier while on her way to evening prayers. The people of Palermo attacked all the French in town not sparing any and took the garrison of 8000 French beginning the successful revolt know as the Sicilian Vespers Revolt 11 12 1282 Llewellyn, last native prince of Wales, was ambushed and killed at the orders of Edward I 18 05 1291 The city of Acre was taken by Moslem forces killing or enslaving 60000 Christians 01 08 1291 the Everlasting League forms, the basis of the Swiss Confederation 27 04 1296 The Scots are defeated at Dunbar ?? ?? 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I, enters English statute rolls as law 27 01 1302 Dante exiled from Florence 11 07 1302 The Flemish infantry defeat the French cavalry in the "Battle of the Spurs" 25 03 1306 Accession of Robert I of Scotland 08 07 1307 Edward II was crowned king of England 18 11 1307 William Tell is said to have shot the apple off of his son's head ?? ?? 1325 Toltec empire defeated by Aztecs in Mexico ?? ?? 1327 Aztecs establish Mexico City 27 09 1327 Edward II was assassinated 17 06 1328 King Edward III renounces all claims of sovereignty over Scotland 07 06 1329 Robert the Bruce, king of Scotland, died ?? ?? 1332 Parliament divides into two houses 26 08 1346 Edward III beats the French at the battle of Crecy ?? ?? 1347 Bubonic plague in Europe; originated in India, 1332. 75 million deaths 22 04 1348 The countess of Salisbury was dancing with Edward II when one of her garters became dislodged and fell to the floor. He gallantly put it on his own leg and thus began the Order of the Garter ?? ?? 1350 The League of Nations established at Onondaga, NY. 1st true democracy ?? ?? 1364 Aztecs build their capital at Tenochtitlan, Mexico 20 05 1364 Sir Henry Percy, knight and supporter of Henry IV, aka Harry Hotspur, died 19 07 1374 Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), poet and scholar, died near Padua, Italy 22 06 1377 accession of Richard II of England 04 03 1394 Prince Henry the Navigator, sponsored Portuguese voyages of discovery 29 09 1399 Parliament of one day, King Richard II was deposed 06 11 1406 Sir John Falstaff, English knight, died 06 01 1412 Tradition says that Joan of Arc was born on this day 21 03 1413 Accession of Henry V of England 25 10 1415 Battle of Agincourt, where the Welsh longbow defeats the armored knight 14 12 1417 Sir John Oldcastle, prototype for Shakespeare's Falstaff, was burned as a Lollard 03 07 1423 Louis XI of France was born 10 06 1429 Joan of Arc defeats the Earl of Suffolk 30 05 1431 Joan of Arc was burned at the stake 07 12 1431 Henry VI was crowned king of France 29 07 1432 Hamburg was saved from the Hussites by presenting the children as supplicants. The Hussites were moved and gave children cherries 31 05 1433 Joan of Arc has a hot time at the stake.. 24 11 1434 The River Thames freezes over ?? ?? 1438 Inca rule begins in Peru ?? ?? 1441 Portugese sailors enter slave trade with African Negroes at Cape Blanc 01 01 1449 Lorenzo de Medici, Florentine ruler was born 26 09 1449 two dragons are said to have fought at "Sharpfight Meadow" at Little Conrad in Suffolk 09 02 1450 Agnes Sorel, mistress of Charles VII of France, died 27 06 1450 Jack Cade defeats Stafford at Sevenoaks ?? ?? 1451 Birth of Cristoforo Columbo; died 1506 30 10 1451 Christopher Columbus, Italian navigator, was born 15 04 1452 Leonardo da Vinci, Florentine artist, engineer, musician and scientist, was born (Julian Calendar) 02 10 1452 Richard III was born in Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire 29 05 1453 Constantinople falls to the Turks (some believe this signalled the end of the Middle Ages) ?? ?? 1454 Birth of Amerigo Vespucci; died 1512 14 08 1457 The first book ever published was printed, The Book of Psalms, published by Faust 27 10 1466 Captain James Cook, explorer, was born in Yorkshire, England 28 10 1466 Erasmus, scholar, author of "In Praise of Folly" 03 05 1469 Niccolo Machiavalli, philosopher, was born 28 10 1469 Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch Renaissance scholar and theologian, was born 13 03 1470 The Lancasters defeat the Yorks at the battle of Stamforn 11 04 1471 Henry VI of England was deposed for losing the war of the roses 04 05 1471 House of York defeats the House of Lancaster at Tewkesbury 20 05 1471 Albrecht Durer, the artist, was born 21 05 1471 Albrecht Durer, painter & printmaker, greatest German Renaissance artist 21 05 1471 Henry VI of England was murdered 19 02 1473 Nicolas Copernicus born (Thorn, Poland) 19 02 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus 06 03 1475 Michelangelo Buonarroti, Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet, was born 07 02 1478 Sir Thomas More, humanist, philosopher, statesman, was born in London 26 06 1483 Richard the III becomes King of England 06 07 1483 Richard III and Anne are crowned king and queen of England 10 11 1483 Martin Luther, church reformer, born in Eisleben, Germany 22 08 1485 England's King Richard III was killed, ending the War of the Roses 22 08 1485 King Richard III of England, last of the Plantagenets, died in the Battle of Bosworh Field ending the War of the Roses 09 02 1489 George Hartmann born, designed astrolabes, timepieces, etc 11 02 1489 William Henry Fox Talbot, photographic pioneer, was born 28 06 1491 Henry VIII of England was born in Greenwich ?? ?? 1492 Columbus departs Palos, Spain, in Santa Maria. Hopes to find gold/Indies 08 04 1492 Lorenzo de Medici, Florentine ruler, died 17 04 1492 a contract was signed between Christopher Columbus and Spain to seek a westward ocean passage to Asia 17 07 1492 Charles VII of France crowned by Joan of Arc 03 08 1492 Columbus sets sail with 119 men and 3 ships for the new world 12 10 1492 Columbus lands in Bahamas 17 10 1492 Columbus sights the isle of San Salvador 28 10 1492 Columbus discovers Cuba 15 11 1492 Columbus makes first reference to the use of tobacco by New World Indians 06 12 1492 Columbus discovers the Dominican Republic 25 09 1493 Columbus sailed on his second voyage to America 19 11 1493 Christopher Columbus discovers Puerto Rico 27 12 1493 Philippus Paracelsus, Alchemist and physician, opposed humoral theory, stressed observation, was born ?? ?? 1494 Spain and Portugal divide New World in Treaty of Tordesillas 04 02 1494 Francois Rabelais, French author and humanist, was born 03 05 1494 Columbus discovers Jamaica on his second voyage ?? ?? 1497 John Cabot makes landfall in Newfoundland, claims it for England 24 06 1497 John Cabot, explorer, discovers Canada ?? ?? 1498 Cabots explore as far south as Hatteras; claim continent for England 26 06 1498 Toothbrush invented 31 07 1498 Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Trinidad 16 09 1498 Tomas de Torquemada, Dominican monk largely responsible for the Spanish Inquisition, was born ?? ?? 1499 Ojeda explores Venezuelan coastline ?? ?? 1500 Fernandes explores Labrador ?? ?? 1500 Pedro Alvarez Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal 23 08 1500 Christopher Columbus arrested for mistreating the natives of Haiti ?? ?? 1501 Gaspar Corte-Real kidnaps 57 Indians in Newfoundland ?? ?? 1501 Rodrigo de Bastidas explores Central American coast & Caribbean 20 05 1501 Ascension Island discovered by the Portuguese 13 12 1503 Nostradamus, French physician and astrologer, was born 14 12 1503 Michael de Nostradamus, supposed seer into the future, was born 20 05 1506 Christopher Columbus, the explorer, died ?? ?? 1507 Lands of the New World named for Amerigo Vespucci by Waldseemuller 22 04 1509 Henry VIII ascended the throne of England 07 06 1509 Henry VIII marries for the first time (to Catherine) 10 07 1509 John Calvin, Protestant theologian, born ?? ?? 1510 Spain begins settlements in Jamaica; two years later in Cuba 17 05 1510 Sandro Botticelli, the painter, was born ?? ?? 1512 Juan Ponce de Leon names discovery after Easter Sunday; Pascua Florida 05 03 1512 Gerardus Mercator born 10 04 1512 King James V of England was born 01 11 1512 Michelangelo's paintings on the Sistine Chapel ceiling were first exhibited to the public ?? ?? 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa names large body of water as "Pacific" 08 04 1513 Ponce de Leon lands at the site of St. Augustine naming the place Florida 25 09 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the 1st European to sail the Pacific Ocean 18 02 1516 Queen Mary (Bloody Mary) was born 31 10 1517 Luther nails 95 Theses to door of Castle Church, Wittenberg 03 07 1518 soldier in Paris strikes image of virgin Mary which then bleeds! 18 11 1518 Cortez leaves Cuba for Mexico with 10 armed vessels ?? ?? 1519 Cortes brings Arabian horses to Americas from Spain ?? ?? 1519 Domenico de Pineda explores Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Vera Cruz ?? ?? 1519 Hernando Cortes begins assault on Mexico, defeats the Aztecs 04 03 1519 Hernando Cortez lands in Mexico 20 09 1519 Magellan leaves Spain on first circumnavigation ?? ?? 1520 Magellan navigates through the straits from Atlantic to Pacific 02 05 1520 Leonardo Da Vinci, artist and inventor, died (Julian Calendar) 28 11 1520 Magellan begins crossing the Pacific Ocean 10 12 1520 Martin Luther publicly burned the papal edict demanding he recant, or face excommunication ?? ?? 1521 Guam, where America's day begins, explored by Magellan 03 01 1521 Martin Luther excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church 13 08 1521 Hernado Cortez returning with more troops finally takes Mexico ?? ?? 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano explores Hudson River and New York harbor waters 17 04 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano discovered New York Harbor ?? ?? 1526 Spanish attempt colonization of Cape Fear; it lasts only a few months 21 06 1527 Nicolo Machiavelli, diplomat and writer, died ?? ?? 1528 Panfilo de Narvaez invades Florida from Cuba, wars with Indians 06 04 1528 Albrecht Durer, painter and engraver, died in Nuremberg, Germany 25 08 1530 Ivan the Terrible, czar of Russia, was born 29 11 1530 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, one time advisor to Henry VIII, died ?? ?? 1531 Spain invades Peru; end of Inca civilization 09 12 1531 The Virgin Mary first appears to the farmer Juan Diego and tells him that a church should be built on the spot where he stands 12 12 1531 The Virgin Mary appears again to the farmer Juan Diego and instructs him to take the roses from a nearby bush to the Church as proof that she has visited him 07 12 1532 Mary Queen of Scots was born 28 02 1533 Michel de Montaigne, French essayist, was born 11 07 1533 Pope Clement VII excommunicates England's King Henry VIII 07 09 1533 Elizabeth I born of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII at Greenwich 07 09 1533 Queen Elizabeth I of England born ?? ?? 1534 Jacques Cartier explores coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland ?? ?? 1535 Jacques Cartier explores St. Lawrence River, trades with Huron Indians 06 07 1535 English chancellor Thomas More beheaded for refusal to sanction Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn ?? ?? 1536 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca reaches Culiacan after roaming all over south ?? ?? 1536 Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aries 19 05 1536 Anne Boleyn the queen of Henry VIII was beheaded for treason and adultery because of a stillborn son 05 07 1536 Magdalen tragically died soon after becoming the Scottish queen of James V 06 10 1536 William Tyndale, a Protestant theologian, was burned at the stake ?? ?? 1538 Bogota settled by Quesada ?? ?? 1539 First printing press set up in the New World - at Mexico City ?? ?? 1539 Hernando de Soto leaves Havana to find Seven Cities; finds Indian war ?? ?? 1540 Coronado's troops discover the Grand Canyon ?? ?? 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado treks north from Mexico to Zuni territory 06 01 1540 King Henry VIII married his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. The marriage lasted about six months 09 07 1540 Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves 24 08 1540 Il Parmigianino, aka Francesco Mazzola, painter, died Cremona, Italy ?? ?? 1541 Hernando de Soto explores Mississipi River valley and Gulf Coast 12 02 1541 Santiago, Chile founded 08 05 1541 Hernando de Soto discovers the Mississippi River near Memphis 26 06 1541 Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror, died in Lima Peru 24 09 1541 Paracelsus, the alchemist and physician, died in Salzburg, Austria ?? ?? 1542 Juan Rodriguez Cabrilho explores in area of San Diego for Spain 12 02 1542 Catherine Howard the fifth wife of Henry VIII was beheaded 28 09 1542 Portuguese navigator Juan Rodriguez Cabrilo sails into the bay on which San diego is now located 24 05 1543 Nicolas Copernicus, the astronomer, died 12 07 1543 Henry VIII marries Catharine Parr (his 6th & last wife) 07 10 1543 the German painter Hans Holbein was born ?? ?? 1544 Sebastian Cabot publishes map of the world with remarkable detail 18 02 1546 Martin Luther, leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany, died 16 01 1547 Ivan the Terrible was crowned czar of Russia 10 10 1547 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author of Don Quixote, was born 02 12 1547 Hernando Cortez, the conqueror of Mexico, died 15 08 1548 Mary Queen of Scots was married to the Dauphin. She was 6 years old 07 09 1548 Catherine Parr, widow of Henry VIII, died 02 12 1552 St. Francis Xavier, founder of the Jesuits, died 10 07 1553 Lady Jane Grey takes the throne after Edward VI's death according to a paper he signed before his death 19 07 1553 Lady Jane Grey's reign ends as support was thrown to Mary 14 12 1553 Tycho Brahe, the astronomer, was born 12 02 1554 Lady Jane Grey was Queen of England for nine days. She and her husband were executed on this day 25 07 1554 Queen Mary of England marries King Philip of Spain 03 08 1554 The earliest known letter to have been sealed with sealing wax was written on this day ?? ?? 1555 First tobacco taken from America to Spain ?? ?? 1555 Rio de Janeiro colony established by the French 24 01 1556 Earthquake kills 890,000 people in China 31 07 1556 Ignatius Loyola, Jesuit founder, died 27 02 1557 The first Russian embassy to Britain 10 08 1557 The Spanish and the English defeat the French at St. Quentin ?? ?? 1558 Reign of Elizabeth I begins; ends in 1603 17 11 1558 "Bloody" Mary Tudor, Queen of England died 17 11 1558 Accession of Queen Elizabeth I of England 17 11 1558 Church of England was reestablished ?? ?? 1559 Spanish tried to found Pensacola ?? ?? 1562 French establish trading post in South Carolina, erect monument in FL ?? ?? 1562 John Hawkins begins slave trade between Guinea and West Indies ?? ?? 1564 French Huguenots try to start colony at Jacksonville; are killed by Spain ?? ?? 1564 French found Fort Caroline, FL. First European colony on the mainland 15 02 1564 Galileo Galilei born (Pisa, Italy) 18 02 1564 Michelangelo Buonarroti, sculptor, architect and painter, born in Caprese, Italy ?? ?? 1565 Spanish attack Fort Caroline, and find St. Augustine in the process 27 04 1565 1st Spanish settlement in Phillipines, Cebu City, founded 08 09 1565 1st permanent settlement in US founded at St Augustine, Florida 02 07 1566 Michel de Nostradamus (the "prophet") died in Salon 09 02 1567 Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots, was murdered 13 05 1568 Mary of Scotland was defeated at the battle of Langside 11 01 1569 First English lottery was carried out. This continued as a money maker till 1826 13 03 1569 The Huguenots defeated at Jarnac 27 12 1571 Johannes Kepler, astronomer, was born ?? ?? 1572 Francis Drake attacks Spanish harbors in the Americas 11 06 1572 Ben Johson, playwright 24 08 1572 The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, more than 30000 people killed in riots of French Catholics against Protestant Huguenots 24 11 1572 John Knox, Scottish religious and political reformer, died 15 07 1573 Inigo Jones, architect, lancscape designer and antiquary, was born ?? ?? 1576 Martin Frobisher puts his name on Frobisher's Bay, Canada 27 08 1576 Titian, the Venetian painter, died ?? ?? 1577 Sir Francis Drake begins explorations on west coast of North America 28 06 1577 Peter Paul Rubens, the Flemish painter, was born 29 06 1577 Peter Paul Rubens, the artist, was born 01 04 1578 William Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation, was born 06 04 1580 Earthquake in London badly damages St Paul's and other churches 26 09 1580 Sir Francis Drake arrives with ships full of plunder from Spain ?? ?? 1581 Franciscan friars begin missionary work in "New Mexico" 24 02 1582 Pope Gregory XIII issues a Papal Bull in which he outlines the calendar reforms that will be known as the Gregorian Calendar 20 12 1582 The Gregorian Calendar was introduced in France ?? ?? 1584 Walter Raleigh knighted by Virgin Queen for naming new colony for her 18 03 1584 Ivan the Terrible, czar of Russia, died ?? ?? 1585 English attempt colony at Roanoke Island, NC, but have Indian trouble ?? ?? 1586 Potatoes from Columbia introduced to England by Herriot ?? ?? 1587 New colony established at Pamlico Sound. It disappeared within 2 yrs ?? ?? 1587 Virginia Dare was first child born in the colonies; fate unknown 08 02 1587 Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded 18 08 1587 Virginia Dare, the first woman to be born in America of English parents, was born in North Carolina ?? ?? 1588 English defeat Spanish armada of King Philip II 12 01 1588 John Winthrop, 1st governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony 05 04 1588 Thomas Hobbes, philosopher, was born 19 05 1588 The Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon 19 07 1588 after being dispersed by a storm, the Spanish Armada reassembles and enters the English Channel ?? ?? 1590 Galileo describes the law of falling bodies ?? ?? 1592 Alleged date of Juan de Fuca discovery of inland passage 19 03 1593 Georges de La Tour, French painter, was born 25 07 1593 Henry IV of France becomes Catholic 31 03 1596 Rene Descartes, mathematician and philosopher, was born ?? ?? 1598 Colonists landed on Sable Island ?? ?? 1598 Don Juan de Onate claims all of New Mexico for Spain ?? ?? 1598 Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes to quiet religious wars 16 01 1599 Edmund Spenser, the poet, died 25 04 1599 Oliver Cromwell, English military, political and religious leader, was born 16 02 1600 Giordano Bruno burned at stake 20 10 1600 Battle of Sekigahara, which established the Tokugawa clan as rulers of Japan (SHOGUN) until 1865 ?? ?? 1601 Colony of Tadoussac founded 13 10 1601 Tycho Brahe died ?? ?? 1602 Cape Cod named by Bartholemew Gosnold, English navigator who found it ?? ?? 1602 Vizcaino explores west coast from Gosnold to Buzzards Bay 20 11 1602 Otto von Guericke, invented the air pump ?? ?? 1603 Martin Pring explores New England coast 23 03 1603 Elizabeth I of England died 25 07 1603 James I of England was crowned 01 11 1604 Shakespeare's tragedy "Othello" was first presented at Whitehall Palace in London ?? ?? 1605 French trading post established at Port Royal, Nova Scotia ?? ?? 1605 Weymouth explores New England coast 17 10 1605 Akbar the Great, Muslim ruler of Northern India, died 19 10 1605 Thomas Browne, philosopher, was born 05 11 1605 Guy Fawkes caught preparing to blow up the parliament and king James I ?? ?? 1606 First charter granted to the Virginia Company, named after Virgin Queen 15 07 1606 Rembrandt van Rijn, painter, born in Leiden Netherlands ?? ?? 1607 Captain John Smith first encounters Iroquois in Chesapeake Bay ?? ?? 1607 English colony begun at Fort St. George, on Kennebec River, Maine ?? ?? 1607 Jamestown founded. First permanent English colony in New World 26 04 1607 1st British to establish an American colony land at Cape Henry, Va 13 05 1607 English land to found Jamestown (1st permanent settlement) 13 05 1607 colonists arrive at Jamestown, Virginia 26 11 1607 John Harvard, minister, philanthropist, and founder of Harvard University, was born ?? ?? 1608 Samuel de Champlain founds village of Quebec 03 07 1608 Quebec was founded 10 09 1608 John Smith elected president of the Jamestown colony council 02 10 1608 Hans Lippershey offers the Dutch government a new invention -- the telescope 09 12 1608 John Milton, epic poet, was born ?? ?? 1609 Champlain makes war against the Iroquois, 1st use of guns on Indians ?? ?? 1609 Dutch establish Fort Orange, now known as Albany, NY, as fur trading post ?? ?? 1609 East Anglia Puritans leave England for Leiden, Holland for 10 year stay ?? ?? 1609 Hendrik "Henry" Hudson explores river valley named for him ?? ?? 1609 Henry Hudson explores east coast of North America for Netherlands ?? ?? 1609 Kepler describes planetary motions and laws ?? ?? 1609 Santa Fe, New Mexico settled 21 01 1609 Joseph Scaliger, the chronologist and inventor of the Julian date, died 12 09 1609 English explorer Henry Hudson sailed into the river that now bears his name ?? ?? 1610 Henry Hudson discovers Hudson's Bay ?? ?? 1610 Thomas West, 3rd Lord de la Warr rescues Jamestown colony from starvation 14 05 1610 assassination of Henry IV, king of England, by Ravaillac 18 07 1610 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian painter, died 01 11 1611 Shakespeare's comedy "The Tempest" was first presented at Whitehall Palace in London ?? ?? 1612 England colonizes Bermuda ?? ?? 1612 French explorers discover Lake Huron ?? ?? 1613 John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas, cross-breeds tobacco successfully 29 06 1613 The Globe Theatre burns down during a performance of Henry VIII ?? ?? 1614 Thomas Hunt kidnaps 24 Indians from Cape Cod area, sells them as slaves 05 04 1614 Pocahontas marries John Rolfe 05 04 1614 Pocahontas marries John Smith 08 04 1614 El Greco, the Spanish painter, died ?? ?? 1615 French under Champlain trade with local Indians on Georgian Bay ?? ?? 1616 Captain John Smith publishes "A Description of New England" ?? ?? 1616 Pocahontas visits England, poses for portrait; died there ?? ?? 1616 White settlers introduce small pox to New England. Many Indians die 23 04 1616 Miguel de Cervantes, author, died 23 04 1616 William Shakespeare, playwright, died 11 04 1617 Pocahontas died 29 10 1618 Sir Walter Raleigh, explorer, writer and courtier, died ?? ?? 1619 Black slavery introduced at Jamestown by Dutch traders 24 02 1619 Charles Le Brun, painter, was born in Paris 06 03 1619 Cyrano de Bergerac, dramatist, was born 30 07 1619 First legislative assembly in America, in Virginia 30 07 1619 the House of Burgesses in Virginia was formed. 1st elective governing body in a British colony ?? ?? 1620 Puritan Pilgrims write Mayflower Compact, land at Plymouth Colony ?? ?? 1620 Slide rule invented by Oughtred, in England 24 04 1620 John Graunt, statistician, founded the science of demography 16 09 1620 After two false starts, 149 Pilgrims set forth from England aboard the Mayflower 10 11 1620 The Mayflower compact was signed 20 11 1620 Peregrine White was born aboard the Mayflower in Massachusetts Bay becoming the first child born of English parents in the New England 21 12 1620 The pilgrims go ashore for the first time at Plymouth Mass ?? ?? 1621 Pilgrims have first contact with Indian, who greets them in English! ?? ?? 1621 The Indian, Squanto, learned English in England after fleeing Spain 12 05 1621 Edward Winslow and Susanna White become the first couple to marry in the colony of Plymouth 03 12 1621 Galileo invents the telescope ?? ?? 1622 Maine granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason ?? ?? 1623 Champlain's expedition trades for furs with Indians on Lake Superior ?? ?? 1623 Settlements begin in New Hampshire 19 06 1623 Blaise Pascal 19 06 1623 Blaise Pascal, mathematician 06 08 1623 Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare's wife, died at age of 67 ?? ?? 1624 Indians barter away Manhattan for about $24.00; Dutch begin settlements ?? ?? 1624 Virginia becomes a royal colony 08 06 1625 Giovanni Domenico Cassini, astronomer 04 05 1626 Governor Peter Minuit buys Manhattan Island for $24 of scarlet cloth and brass buttons 18 11 1626 St. Peter's Basilica was consecrated ?? ?? 1628 English Parliament enacts Petition of Right ?? ?? 1629 Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions for New Netherland granted ?? ?? 1629 Puritans settle Boston area, call themselves The Massachusetts-Bay Co 14 04 1629 Christian Huyghens, Dutch physicist and astronomer, discoverer of Saturn's rings, was born 26 08 1629 Cambridge Agreement pledged. Massachusetts Bay Co. stockholders agreed to emigrate to New England 14 09 1629 Salem, Massachusetts, founded ?? ?? 1630 Puritans hang John Billington, a murderer; a first for the colony 22 02 1630 the Indian Quadequina introduces popcorn to colonists 25 06 1630 The Fork was introduced to American dining by Gov. Winthrop 16 09 1630 The Massachusetts village of Shawmut changed its name to Boston 30 09 1630 The first execution in the English American Colonies takes place as John Billington was hanged 15 11 1630 Johannes Kepler, the astronomer, died 31 03 1631 John Donne, dean of Saint Paul's, poet and author, died ?? ?? 1632 "Oyster War" begins between VA and MD; continues today ?? ?? 1632 Mariland named for Queen Henrietta Maria by English King Charles I 29 08 1632 John Locke, writer and thinker on the philosophy of government, was born 20 10 1632 Christopher Wren, the English architect, was born 20 10 1632 Sir Christopher Wren, astronomer, greatest English architect of his time, built many of the cathedrals in London 31 10 1632 Jan Vermeer, Dutch painter, was born in Delft Netherlands 24 11 1632 Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher and theologian, was born 23 02 1633 Samuel Pepys, English author and diarist, was born ?? ?? 1634 Jean Nicolet explores Lake Michigan shore and Wisconsin ?? ?? 1635 First settlements in Connecticut include Hartford and Windsor ?? ?? 1635 Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts for espousing democracy 15 08 1635 Hurricane hits Plymouth Plantation ?? ?? 1636 First college in the colonies, later named after Rev. John Harvard ?? ?? 1636 Providence Plantations founded in Rhode Island by Roger Williams 08 09 1636 Harvard College was established with the help of 800 pounds from Rev. John Harvard 28 10 1636 Harvard University was founded in Massachusetts ?? ?? 1637 Pequot War in Connecticut and Rhode Island 06 08 1637 Ben Jonson, English playwright and poet, died ?? ?? 1638 Swedish colony, near Wilmington, DE, introduces log-cabin building 29 03 1638 Swedish settled Christiana (Wilmington, Delaware) 05 09 1638 King Louis XIV of France born ?? ?? 1639 Harvard College sets up first printing press in colonies ?? ?? 1639 The Fundamental Orders unite three communities in "Connectecotte" 15 01 1639 Governor Kieft purchased part of Long Island from Indians on behalf of New Netherlands 24 11 1639 The first transit of Venus across the Sun observed by William Crabtree and Rev Horrocks ?? ?? 1640 First English book published in colonies was Bay Psalm Book; Cambridge ?? ?? 1641 "Body of Liberties" adopted in Massachusetts; precurses Bill of Rights ?? ?? 1642 French develop new trading post at Montreal ?? ?? 1642 Massachusetts School Law requires schoolmaster in towns of 50 families ?? ?? 1642 Pascal invents an adding machine 18 05 1642 The Canadian city of Montreal was founded 23 09 1642 Harvard College held its first commencement 23 10 1642 The battle of Edgehill was fought in English Civil War 24 11 1642 Abel Jansen Tasman discovers Van Deiman's Land (known as Tasmania since 1853) 13 12 1642 New Zealand was discovered by Abel Tasman 25 12 1642 Sir Isaac Newton born in Grantham, England ?? ?? 1643 Invention of the barometer ?? ?? 1643 New England Confederation founded. These are first 4 colonies to unite 04 01 1643 Sir Issac Newton 14 05 1643 Accession of Louis XIV, age 4, Anne of Austria was the regent 14 05 1643 Louis XIII, the French king, died 27 07 1643 Cromwell wins the battle of Gainsborough ?? ?? 1644 First bicameral legislature formed in Massachusetts ?? ?? 1644 Roger Williams publishes The Bloody Tenet of Persecution 18 01 1644 1st UFO sighting in America, by perplexed Pilgrims in Boston 01 09 1644 Montrose defeats the Covenanters at Tippermuir in Scotland 14 10 1644 William Penn born in London ?? ?? 1645 First ironworks, at Saugus, MA 21 09 1645 Louis Joliet, explorer and discoverer of the Mississippi River, was born 01 07 1646 Gottfried Leibniz, Invented a calcuator which could multiply & 19 08 1646 John Flamsteed, 1st astronomer royal of England 04 06 1647 The English army seizes King Charles I as a hostage ?? ?? 1648 Iroquois defeat the Hurons, drive them into Canada, north of the Lakes 18 10 1648 Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization 24 10 1648 end of Thirty Years War ?? ?? 1649 Charles I executed; Oliver Cromwell establishes Commonwealth ?? ?? 1649 First Assembly in Maryland. Enacts Toleration Act, freeing religion 29 01 1649 death warrant for Charles I was issued 02 02 1650 Nell Gwynn, actress and mistress of King Charles II, was born 11 02 1650 Rene Descartes the French philosopher died 04 11 1650 King William III of Orange born ?? ?? 1651 Navigation Acts require English ships and crews for all imports 21 06 1652 Inigo Jones, architect, landscape designer and antiquary, died in Somerset House, London ?? ?? 1653 Iroquois defeat the Erie Nation, extend influence into o-he-you. (Ohio) 25 03 1655 Christiaan Huygens discovers Titan 04 05 1655 Bartolommeo Cristofori, inventor of pianoforte, was born 13 08 1655 Johann Christoph Denner, invented the clarinet ?? ?? 1656 New Netherland Council passes ordinance restricting religion 21 03 1656 James Usher, Archbishop of Armagh, scholar, died at Reigate, Surrey 27 04 1656 Jan van Goyen, Dutch landscape painter, died 29 10 1656 Edmund Halley born 08 11 1656 Edmond Halley, astronomer, 1st to calculate a comet's orbit ?? ?? 1657 John Washington jumps ship in Virginia, buys land ?? ?? 1657 Rhode Island Assembly adopts freedom of religion; it doesn't last 03 06 1657 William Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation, died ?? ?? 1658 Birth of Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac; he died in 1730 05 03 1658 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, soldier, founder of Detroit and governor of Louisiana, was born in France 03 09 1658 Oliver Cromwell, the British "politician" and destroyer of English heritage died 01 01 1660 Samuel Pepys begins his diary 25 04 1660 a Convention Parliament meets and votes restoration of Charles II 21 08 1660 Hubert Gautier, engineer, wrote 1st book on bridge building ?? ?? 1661 William Penn deceives Delaware Indians, effectively steals Pennsylvania 19 08 1662 Blaise Pascal, the mathematician and philosopher, died ?? ?? 1663 John Eliot translates Bible into an Indian tongue ?? ?? 1664 Dutch give up control of New Amsterdam 08 09 1664 a small English fleet takes New Amsterdam and names it New York ?? ?? 1665 Duke's Law established by Duke of York, who renames area for himself 06 03 1665 "The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" was 1st published, and is still published today 03 06 1665 The Duke of York defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Harwich 12 06 1665 England installs municipal government in New York which had been under Dutch rule as New Amsterdam 02 09 1666 The great London fire destroyed around two thirds of London 27 04 1667 John Milton sells his rights to "Paradise Lost" for a total of 10 pounds 27 07 1667 Johann Bernoulli, mathematician, was born 30 11 1667 Jonathan Swift, satirist, wrote "Gulliver's Travels" ?? ?? 1668 Sault Ste. Marie established by French missionaries 10 11 1668 Francois Couperin, composer ?? ?? 1669 Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina inaugurated ?? ?? 1669 Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle explores Ohio River valley 04 10 1669 Rembrandt Van Rijn, the Dutch painter, died 28 12 1669 a patent for chewing gum was granted to William Semple ?? ?? 1670 Grant from Charles II leads to settlement of Charleston, SC ?? ?? 1670 Hudson's Bay Company founded to compete with French fur traders ?? ?? 1670 Newton gives the world The Calculus 18 01 1671 Henry Morgan, the pirate, captured Panama on behalf of England and was knighted regardless of his ruthless techniques 25 10 1671 Saturnian moon Iapetus discovered by Giovanni Cassini 23 12 1672 Saturnian moon Rhea discovered by Giovanni Cassini ?? ?? 1673 Iroquois drive Mosopelea Indians from Southwestern Ohio ?? ?? 1673 Marquette and Joliet explore northern parts of Mississippi valley 17 02 1673 Jean Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, playwright, author, actor, died on stage while playing the part of a sick man in his "Le Malade Imaginaire" ?? ?? 1675 Indian "King Phillip" begins retaliatory war against white invaders 21 06 1675 The laying of the first stone for Christopher Wren's rebuilding of St. Paul's Cathedral 22 06 1675 Royal Greenwich Observatory founded 10 08 1675 Construction began on the astronomical observatory at Greenwich England by order of Charles II ?? ?? 1676 Bacon's Rebellion wages vigilante war in Virginia 20 06 1676 First formally declared "Day of Thanksgiving", Charlestown, MA 26 08 1676 Sir Robert Walpole, Whig statesman and British Prime Minister, was born 04 03 1678 Antonio Vivaldi, late Baroque violin virtuoso and composer born in Venice, Italy 04 03 1678 Antonio Vivaldi, late Baroque violin virtuoso and composer 31 05 1678 the first Lady Godiva procession held in Coventry celebrating her 12th century ride 28 09 1678 "Pilgrim's Progress" published ?? ?? 1679 Habeas Corpus Amendment Act in England ?? ?? 1679 Settlements in what is now New Hampshire proclaimed a royal colony 22 06 1679 Monmouth defeats The Covenanters at Bothwell Brig in Scotland ?? ?? 1680 Pueblo Indians get horses from Spanish; first Plains Indians to do so 10 02 1680 The great comet disappeared from view. Most were terrified by it but it aided Newton in the study of parabolic orbits 10 08 1680 Pueblo revolt starts between Pueblo Indians and their Spanish rulers 25 09 1680 Samuel Butler, poet and author, died ?? ?? 1681 Province of Pennsylvania (Penn's Woodlands) chartered 04 03 1681 William Penn was given land by King Charles II for a "holy experiment" of a Colony in Pennsylvania 14 03 1681 Georg Philipp Telemann, leading German late baroque composer ?? ?? 1682 LaSalle explores Mississippi River, claims river valley for France ?? ?? 1682 Philadelphia founded. Penn publishes Frame of Government 10 06 1682 first tornado recorded in America hits New Haven Connecticut 19 10 1682 Thomas Browne, philosopher, died ?? ?? 1684 A patent was granted for the thimble ?? ?? 1684 Charles II annuls 1629 charter of Massachusetts colony ?? ?? 1684 Cotton Mather coins the term "Americans" for colonists ?? ?? 1685 Louis XIV cancels Edict of Nantes, thousands flee to the colonies 23 02 1685 George Frederick Handel, German born English composer, was born 21 03 1685 Johann Sebastian Bach, baroque composer, born in Eisenach, Germany 05 07 1685 Duke of Monmouth's rebel army was defeated 15 07 1685 James, Duke of Monmouth, executed for treason at Tower Hill, London 26 10 1685 Domenico Scarlatti, virtuoso harpsichordist and composer, was born in Naples 24 05 1686 Gabriel Fahrenheit, physicist, was born 28 01 1687 Johannes Hevelius died 06 07 1687 Newton publishes Principia Mathematica ?? ?? 1688 First written protest against slavery, by Mennonites in Germantown, PA ?? ?? 1688 The Glorious Revolution establishes Parliamentary supremacy 21 05 1688 Alexander Pope, poet and satirist, was born ?? ?? 1689 English Parliament enacts Bill of Rights, provides religious freedom ?? ?? 1689 Pensacola founded (again) 13 02 1689 William III and Mary II take the throne together 27 07 1689 The highlanders defeat Mackay at Killiecrankie 25 08 1689 1500 Iroquois Indians kill all 200 inhabitants of Montreal ?? ?? 1690 First newspaper banned in the colonies was Publick Occurences, in Boston 12 07 1690 William of Orange defeated Roman Catholic army of James II, establishing Protestant domination in Northern Ireland 25 09 1690 One of the earliest American newspapers "Publick Occurrences", published its first and last edition in Boston ?? ?? 1691 Plymouth becomes part of royal colony of Massachusetts 30 12 1691 Robert Boyle, chemist and physicist, died ?? ?? 1692 Witch hunts in Salem, MA; 19 die 01 03 1692 Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba arrested for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts 19 07 1692 Five Massachusetts women executed for witchcraft 22 09 1692 Two men and seven women were executed for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts. One was pressed to death for standing mute while the others were hung 06 02 1693 William and Mary becomes second college in the colonies 08 02 1693 Charter granted for College of William & Mary, 2nd college in US 04 08 1693 Champagne was invented by Dom Perignon 20 02 1694 Voltaire, the French philosopher was born 27 07 1694 The bank of England is incorporated 21 11 1694 Francois Marie Arouet Voltaire was born 21 11 1694 Voltaire, thinker 08 12 1694 Scaramouche died ?? ?? 1695 Freedom of the press comes to England. Censorship abolished ?? ?? 1696 Board of Trade takes over administration of the colonies ?? ?? 1696 Habeas Corpus Act suspended in England 14 05 1696 Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, inventor of the thermometer, was born ?? ?? 1697 Penn proposes a Plan of Union for the English Colonies in America 10 11 1697 William Hogarth, artist, was born 16 02 1698 Pierre Bouguer, founder of photometry, was born 05 09 1698 Russia's Peter the Great imposed a tax on beards ?? ?? 1699 Cahokia and Biloxi founded ?? ?? 1699 Woolens Act 05 11 1699 Lemuel Gulliver arrives in Lilliput 07 02 1700 Philippe Buache, geographer, devised contour lines for maps 01 05 1700 John Dryden, the poet, died ?? ?? 1701 Cadillac establishes new trading post; call it "Ponchartrain" on de Troit ?? ?? 1701 Delaware gets government separate from Pennsylvania ?? ?? 1701 Elihu Yale donates 800 Pounds to the third college in the colonies 23 05 1701 Captain Kidd, naval officer and pirate, was hanged in London 09 10 1701 The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later Yale Univ.) was chartered in New Haven 27 11 1701 Anders Celsius ?? ?? 1702 East Jersey and West Jersey unite to form royal province of New Jersey ?? ?? 1702 Queen Anne begins reign; died 1714. Annapolis was named for her 08 03 1702 Accession of Queen Anne of Britain ?? ?? 1703 Benjamin Franklin born in Boston 18 05 1703 Charles Perrault, the original Mother Goose, died ?? ?? 1704 First organ built in the colonies, in Philadelphia 29 02 1704 French and Indian raid on Deerfield MA 24 04 1704 First publication of U.S. newspaper printed on regular basis 28 10 1704 John Locke, writer and thinker on the philosophy of government, died ?? ?? 1707 Scotland and England join to become Great Britain 15 04 1707 Leonhard Euler, mathematician 23 10 1707 First Parliament of Great Britain meets 16 10 1708 Albrecht von Haller, the father of experimental physiology ?? ?? 1709 First Copyright Act, in Britain 18 09 1709 Samuel Johnson, the writer, was born ?? ?? 1711 War with Tuscarora Indians in Carolinas, they head north ?? ?? 1712 North Carolina gets own governor, separates from South Carolina 28 06 1712 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, philosopher, was born ?? ?? 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; French Acadians (Cajuns) driven from Nova Scotia to LA 15 03 1713 Nicolas Louis de Lacaille born 11 04 1713 Gibralter becomes British after the signing of a peace treaty with Spain 24 11 1713 Father Junipero Serra, who had a mission in California ?? ?? 1714 Shawnee establish themselves in western Ohio, driven there from MD 07 01 1714 the typewriter was patented (it was built years later) ?? ?? 1715 Tuscarora Indians join League of Five Nations, making it Six Nations 01 09 1715 Louis XIV, king of France, died ?? ?? 1716 First theater in the colonies was at Williamsburg 14 09 1716 1st lighthouse in US was lit (in Boston Harbor) 14 11 1716 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, German mathematician and philosopher, died ?? ?? 1717 Mother Goose appears in print, in Boston 24 09 1717 Horace Walpole, the English novelist, was born ?? ?? 1718 New Orleans founded by Le Page du Pratz, for Bienville 02 04 1718 The first meeting of the American Congress 11 07 1718 English fleet defeats the Spanish Fleet at Messina 25 08 1718 800 French immigrants arrived in Louisiana to found New Orleans 03 11 1718 John Montague, 4th Earl of Sandwich, inventor of same 22 11 1718 The English pirate Blackbeard was killed off the coast of Virginia 30 03 1719 Sir John Hawkins, wrote 1st history of music in English ?? ?? 1720 Birth of Ottawa Indian war chief Pontiac, near Detroit ?? ?? 1720 First settlements in Vermont ?? ?? 1721 Dr. Zabdiel Boylston imports smallpox vaccine, in Boston 13 04 1721 John Hanson, 1st US President under the Articles of Confederation 18 07 1721 Jean-Antoine Watteau, painter, died 16 06 1722 John Churchill, 1st duke of Marlborough and military commander, died 27 09 1722 Samuel Adams, American patriot, was born ?? ?? 1723 Benjamin Franklin leaves Boston for Philadelphia 05 06 1723 Adam Smith, economist, was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland 26 08 1723 Anton van Leeuwenhoek, the inventor of the microscope, died 22 04 1724 Imanual Kant, philosopher, born 22 04 1724 Kant born 25 09 1725 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, designed & built 1st automobile ?? ?? 1727 First British fort on Great Lakes was Fort Oswego, NY 20 03 1727 Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician, physicist and astronomer, died in London 14 05 1727 Thomas Gainsborough, artist and portrait painter, was born 17 05 1727 Catherine I, Russian Empress and favorite consort of Peter the Great, died in St. Petersburg 27 09 1727 James Franklin, Benjamin's half brother, publishes the first issue of "The Rhode Island Gazette" ?? ?? 1728 First American steel made in Hartford, CT ?? ?? 1728 Vitus J. Bering, a Dane, explores strait which now bears his name 29 01 1728 John Gay's "The Beggar's Opera" was first performed 27 10 1728 Captain James Cook, discovered the Sandwich Islands 02 05 1729 Catherine the Great of Russia was born 03 12 1729 Antonio Soler, famed late 18th century Spanish composer 23 01 1730 Joseph Hewes, American revolutionary leader, born 26 06 1730 Charles Messier born 17 09 1730 Baron Frederick von Steuben, made the Continental Army winners 15 11 1731 William Cowper, poet, was born ?? ?? 1732 Benjamin Franklin begins to publish Poor Richard's Almanac ?? ?? 1732 First stagecoach route connects Burlington to Perth Amboy, NJ ?? ?? 1732 Hat Act forbade manufacture in colonies of hats made with local fur 22 02 1732 George Washington born in Virginia; died in 1799 22 02 1732 George Washington, Father figure for US, President (1789-1796) 31 03 1732 Franz Joseph Haydn, composer, was born in Austria 08 04 1732 David Rittenhouse born, astronomer and mathematician 21 06 1732 Martha Custis Washington 19 12 1732 Benjamin Franklin begins publication of "Poor Richard's Almanack" ?? ?? 1733 Georgia becomes 13th colony; founded by James Oglethorpe ?? ?? 1733 Sugar Act, aka Molasses Act, a revenue enhancement scheme for Britain 22 03 1733 Joseph Priestly (father of soda pop) invents carbonated water ?? ?? 1734 Hamilton defends Zenger in freedom of the press landmark case 02 11 1734 Daniel Boone born near Reading, PA 30 10 1735 John Adams, 2nd President (1797-1801) 30 10 1735 John Adams, 2nd US President born ?? ?? 1736 Franklin begins Fire Department in Philadelphia 19 01 1736 James Watt, inventor of the practical steam engine, was born 25 01 1736 J. L. Lagrange born 29 05 1736 Patrick Henry born 29 05 1736 Patrick Henry, American patriot, born 12 01 1737 John Hancock 23 01 1737 John Hancock born 23 01 1737 John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence and first governor of Massachusetts, was born 29 01 1737 Thomas Paine, American author and Revolutionary leader, was born 11 03 1737 Robert Treat Paine born 08 05 1737 Edward Gibbon, historian, "The History of the Decline & Fall of the Roman Empire" 18 12 1737 Antonio Stradivari, renowned violin maker, died in Cremona, Italy ?? ?? 1738 British traders begin working shores of Lake Erie, compete with French ?? ?? 1738 Future King George III born. Declaration of Independence mentions him ?? ?? 1738 The Great Awakening in full swing reshaping religious policies everywhere 10 01 1738 Ethan Allen, Revolutionary War fighter (lead the Green Mtn Boys) 10 10 1738 Benjamin West, painter 15 11 1738 Willim Herschel born ?? ?? 1739 In North Carolina, there was large insurrection by blacks ?? ?? 1739 War of Jenkin's Ear begins 16 03 1739 George Clymer, American politician and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born 07 04 1739 Richard (Dick) Turpin, highwayman, was executed at York ?? ?? 1740 English Parliament allows naturalization of colonists after 7 years ?? ?? 1740 Invention of the Franklin stove, his most famous invention ?? ?? 1740 Philadelphia was largest city in America. Population 13,000 02 06 1740 Marquis de Sade, writer and all around fun guy, was born 29 10 1740 James Boswell, Samuel Johnson's biographer ?? ?? 1741 Vitus Bering claims Alaska for his (now) homeland Russia 14 01 1741 Benedict Arnold, fink 18 10 1741 Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, artillery officer and writer of "Les Liaisons dangereuses", was born 08 12 1741 Vitus Bering the discoverer of the Bering strait died 14 01 1742 Edmond Halley died 01 04 1742 P. D. Q. Bach was born, 12:01 AM ?? ?? 1743 American Philosophical Society founded by Benjamin Franklin 21 01 1743 John Fitch, had a working steamboat years before Fulton 13 04 1743 Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President (1801-1809) 13 04 1743 Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President, born; died July 4, 1826 24 05 1743 Jean Paul Marat, revolutionary leader in France, was born ?? ?? 1744 King George's War begins. France joins war effort against England 17 07 1744 Elbridge Gerry, father of the "gerrymander" 01 08 1744 Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was born in France 18 02 1745 Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, invented the electric battery 18 02 1745 Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, invented the electric battery, 28 09 1745 "God save the King" sung for the first time following the defeat of English forces by Jacobites 16 11 1745 Lucas von Hildebrandt, architect, died 18 12 1745 Scots are defeated at Clifton Moor ?? ?? 1746 College of New Jersey, now called Princeton Univ., founded 30 03 1746 Francisco Jose de Goya, painter, born in Spain 22 10 1746 Princeton was chartered ?? ?? 1747 New York State Bar Association was first in this continent 04 03 1747 Casimir Pulaski, Polish nobleman who served in the American Revolution, was born 06 07 1747 John Paul Jones was born ?? ?? 1748 "Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep" appears in New England Primer ?? ?? 1748 Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle ends King George's War ?? ?? 1749 England recognizes slavery and plantation system in the south ?? ?? 1749 George Washington becomes land surveyor at age 17, for an Ohio company ?? ?? 1749 Halifax, Nova Scotia founded 22 02 1749 Johann Nikolaus Forkel, musicologist & 1st biographer of Bach 28 03 1749 Pierre Simon de Laplace born, mathematician and astronomer 28 08 1749 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, poet, novelist, was born ?? ?? 1750 Cumberland Gap discovered, named by Thomas Walker. Westward ho begins ?? ?? 1750 First American coal mine opens in Virginia ?? ?? 1750 Iron Act encourages colonial pig iron, forbids colonial steel tools 16 03 1750 Caroline Herschel born 20 05 1750 Stephen Girard, bailed out US bonds during the War of 1812 28 07 1750 Johann Sebastian Bach, organist and composer, died in Leipzig Germany ?? ?? 1751 James Madison, father of our Constitution & 4th President, born. d.1836 ?? ?? 1751 Liberty Bell ordered from England. 50th anniversary Charter of Privs 16 03 1751 James Madison, 4th President (1809-1817) 24 11 1751 a fair was held on the Thames which had frozen over ?? ?? 1752 Benjamin Franklin goes out to "fly a kite". A shocking experience! ?? ?? 1752 First general hospital opens in Philadelphia ?? ?? 1752 Franklin invents the lightning rod based on his electrical experiments 25 03 1752 Last New Year's Day on 25 Mar in England (from C12 until 1752) 02 04 1752 Casanova, lover, was born 11 05 1752 1st US fire insurance policy was issued, in Philadelphia 15 06 1752 Ben Franklin performs his famous kite experiment 07 07 1752 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Invented a loom controlled by punched cards 07 07 1752 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, inventor of the punch card weaving machine, was born in Lyons, France 02 09 1752 Great Britain adopts the Gregorian Calendar 19 11 1752 George Rogers Clark, frontier military leader in Revolutionary War ?? ?? 1753 George Washington explores western Pa; delivers ultimatum to French 26 03 1753 Benjamin Thompson born, Count Rumford; American physicist 22 05 1753 The village of Brigadoon first disappears, only to reappear every 100 years 04 07 1753 Jean-Pierre-Francois Blanchard, 1st balloon flights in England, US 26 07 1753 Ben Franklin appointed the first colonial postmaster ?? ?? 1754 Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union remarks on Iroquoian League ?? ?? 1754 French and Indian War begins; ends formally in 1763 in Treaty of Paris ?? ?? 1754 King's College, now Columbia University, founded ?? ?? 1754 Major Washington loses battle of Fort Necessity 02 02 1754 Talleyrand, French statesman & diplomat 09 05 1754 The first newspaper cartoon appeared in America 23 08 1754 Louis XVI, future French king, was born at Versailes ?? ?? 1755 Braddock's defeat at Pittsburgh; Washington makes Lt Colonel ?? ?? 1755 Irish immigrant, Jackson, born at sea, will become 7th President 06 06 1755 Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary war officer, was born 04 08 1755 Nicolas-Jacque Conte, invented the modern pencil 13 09 1755 Oliver Evans, pioneered the high-pressure steam engine 01 11 1755 An earthquake hits Spain, Portugal and Morocco killing 60000 in Lisbon alone 23 01 1756 Wolfgang A. Mozart, musical prodigy 27 01 1756 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born (Salzburg) 06 02 1756 Aaron Burr 06 03 1756 Aaron Burr, dualist 06 06 1756 John Trumbull, painter 20 06 1756 Calcutta was captured and the English are put in the "Black Hole" 21 09 1756 John Loudon McAdam, created macadam road surface (asphalt) ?? ?? 1757 D. P. Custis died, leaves his "The White House" plantation to wife Martha ?? ?? 1757 Franklin goes to London for 17 year mission for the colonies 06 09 1757 Lafayette, French hero of the American revolution, was born 28 11 1757 William Blake, the English poet and painter, was born ?? ?? 1758 James Monroe, 5th President, born in Virginia 06 04 1758 Maximilien de Robespierre, lawyer and leader in the French Revolution, was born in Arras France 28 04 1758 James Monroe, 5th President (1816-1824) 24 07 1758 John Dyer, poet, died 29 09 1758 Horatio Nelson, British naval commander, was born in Burnham Thorpe 16 10 1758 Noah Webster, author of dictionary, was born 25 12 1758 Halley's Comet appears ?? ?? 1759 General Wolfe v. Marquis de Montcalm on Plains of Abraham; both die ?? ?? 1759 George Washington weds Martha Custis, honeymoons at The White House 06 01 1759 George Washington and Martha Custis were married 25 01 1759 Robert Burns, poet, born 28 02 1759 The Pope gives permission for the Bible to be translated into all languages of the Catholic states 13 04 1759 George Frederick Handel, the German composer, died 18 09 1759 The French formally surrendered Quebec to the British ?? ?? 1760 Final subjugation of Canada by England ?? ?? 1760 George III becomes King of England. Colonial population 1.6 million ?? ?? 1761 Writs of Assistance case tried in Boston ?? ?? 1762 Benjamin Franklin re-designs the harmonica, makes it a musical instrument ?? ?? 1762 Spain acquires Louisiana from France 22 08 1762 Ann Franklin becomes the first woman editor of an American newspaper, "The Mercry" in Newport, R.I ?? ?? 1763 Also in Treaty of Paris, England gains Canada and French land east of MS ?? ?? 1763 John Jacob Astor born in Waldorf, Germany ?? ?? 1763 Pontiac begins seige of Detroit, now a British fort; incites other wars ?? ?? 1763 Treaty of Paris important because borders of United States established ?? ?? 1763 Vigilantes known as Paxton Boys massacre peaceful Conestoga village 10 02 1763 France cedes Canada to England in the Treaty of Paris, ending the French and Indian War 17 07 1763 John Jacob Astor, millionaire in North American trapping industry, was born in Germany 08 08 1763 Charles Bullfinch, 1st US professional architect 03 09 1763 French and Indian War ends with Treaty of Paris signed 15 11 1763 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began running the Mason-Dixon line ?? ?? 1764 Committee of Correspondence formed in Boston ?? ?? 1764 Molasses Act modified to produce revenue, in concert with Revenue Act ?? ?? 1764 Mozart writes his first symphony, at age eight ?? ?? 1764 Revenue Act. Taxation without representation introduced in Boston ?? ?? 1764 Saint Louis founded 13 03 1764 Charles, Earl Grey, Whig statesmen and Prime Minister was born 15 04 1764 Marquise de Pompadour, mistress of Louis XV of France, died in Versailles 26 10 1764 William Hogarth, artist and engraver, died in London ?? ?? 1765 Britain tries to raise funds with The Stamp Act; Bostonians riot ?? ?? 1765 Non-importation agreements arranged in principal colonies ?? ?? 1765 Quartering Act requires housing British troops in private homes ?? ?? 1765 Stamp Act Congress meets in Albany, NY; first inter-colony Congress 23 03 1765 The Stamp Act was passed by parliament taxing the American Colonies 29 05 1765 Patrick Henry denounced the Stamp Act before Virginia's House of Burgesses 01 11 1765 The stamp act goes into effect in the British colonies. Colonists reacted strongly with flags at half mast and burning of stamps 14 11 1765 Robert Fulton, built 1st commercial steamboat 23 11 1765 Fredrick County, Maryland repudiated the British Stamp Act 08 12 1765 Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin, was born ?? ?? 1766 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon draw the line at MD & PA border ?? ?? 1766 Stamp Act repealed by England in response to Colonial boycotts 14 02 1766 Thomas Malthus, English economist, was born 06 09 1766 John Dalton, developed the atomic theory of matter ?? ?? 1767 Daniel Boone crosses Appalachians, keeps heading west ?? ?? 1767 Townshend Duties pile it on higher and deeper, create Customs Office 15 03 1767 Andrew Jackson, 7th President (1828-1836) 11 07 1767 John Quincy Adams, 6th President (1825-1829) 11 07 1767 John Quincy Adams, 6th President (1825-1829), was born 11 07 1767 John Quincy Adams, 6th US President born 18 10 1767 The Mason-Dixon line was established ?? ?? 1768 Birth of Tecumseh, near Dayton, OH ?? ?? 1768 British troops begin occupation of Boston ?? ?? 1768 Colonies circulate letter complaining of taxation; Assemblies dissolved ?? ?? 1768 New York Chamber of Commerce established 14 03 1768 Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, mathematician and physicist, was born 21 03 1768 Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier, mathematician & Egyptologist 12 05 1768 Dolly Madison, First Lady, was born 25 05 1768 Captain Cook sets off on his first voyage of discovery ?? ?? 1769 David Rittenhouse begins astronomy studies ?? ?? 1769 Pontiac murdered by another Indian, near St. Louis 20 04 1769 Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa tribe was killed 01 05 1769 Duke of Wellington, who made Napoleon very unhappy 16 07 1769 Father Serra founds Mission San Diego, 1st mission in Calif 15 08 1769 Napoleon Bonaparte was born 29 08 1769 Edmond Hoyle, the games master, died at 97 13 10 1769 Horace H. Hayden, cofounder of 1st dental college 13 12 1769 Dartmouth College chartered ?? ?? 1770 Francisco de Ortega names discovery on west coast for his patron saint ?? ?? 1770 Ludwig van Beethoven born; died in 1827 ?? ?? 1770 Townshend Acts repealed, except for that on tea 05 03 1770 Boston Massacre 05 03 1770 Boston Massacre. Five dead, six wounded 07 04 1770 William Wordsworth, poet, was born 16 05 1770 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette the archduchess of Vienna are wed 11 06 1770 Capt. James Cook ran onto the Great Barrier Reef off Australia 01 08 1770 William Clark, explored Pacific Northwest with Lewis 16 12 1770 Ludwig van Beethoven christened in Bonn, Germany (often treated as his birthday since the real date is not known) ?? ?? 1771 Battle of Alamance fought in North Carolina 17 01 1771 Charles Brockden Brown, father of the American novel 15 08 1771 Sir Walter Scott was born 06 11 1771 Aloys Senefelder, inventor of lithography ?? ?? 1772 Customs schooner "Gaspee" burned off Namquit Point in Rhode Island ?? ?? 1772 John Sevier organizes independent republic of Watauga in Tennessee ?? ?? 1772 Samuel Adams at Boston Town Hall Meeting publishes list of rights 10 06 1772 Burning of the Gaspee, British revenue cutter by Rhode Islanders 23 06 1772 Slavery abolished in England 21 10 1772 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, critic and theologian, was born ?? ?? 1773 Perez at Nootka Sound, on Vancouver Island as we now know it ?? ?? 1773 To save nearly bankrupt East India Company, Parliament tries a Tea Act 09 02 1773 William Henry Harrison, 9th President (March 4-April 4, 1841) 05 12 1773 Wm. H. Harrison, 9th President, born in VA, moves to OH; d. 1841 16 12 1773 Boston Tea Party took place as colonists boarded a British ship in Boston Harbor and dumped more than 300 chests of tea overboard 16 12 1773 Boston Tea Party. 342 chests of tea go into the drink ?? ?? 1774 Birth of John Chapman, to be known as Johnny Appleseed; died 1845 ?? ?? 1774 British close the port of Boston in retaliation for tea party ?? ?? 1774 Intolerable Acts include the Coercive Acts ?? ?? 1774 The Quebec Act nullifies all colonial rights west of Ohio River ?? ?? 1774 Virginia Conventions begin. Lead to First Continental Congress 27 04 1774 Louis Victor de Broglie born, physicist 01 08 1774 Joseph Priestley, Britsh scientist, successfully isolates oxygen from air 18 08 1774 Meriwether Lewis, of Lewis and Clark, was born 05 09 1774 First Continental Congress convenes, in Philadelphia 26 09 1774 John Chapman (Johnny Appleseed) born 14 10 1774 1st declaration of colonial rights in America 14 10 1774 Declaration and Resolves of First Continental Congress ?? ?? 1775 Battle of Breed's Hill mistakenly named after nearby Bunker Hill ?? ?? 1775 Of the 3,500 pysicians in the colonies, only 400 are MD by degree ?? ?? 1775 Patrick Henry says "Give me liberty or give me death!" ?? ?? 1775 Postal system created. Benjamin Franklin was first Director ?? ?? 1775 Second Continental Congress, again in Philadelphia ?? ?? 1775 Virginians defeat British at Great Bridge; British bombard Norfolk 20 01 1775 Andre-Marie Ampere, French physicist and mathematician, was born in Lyon 10 02 1775 Charles Lamb, English critic and essayist, born 23 03 1775 Patrick Henry asks for Liberty or Death 14 04 1775 The first American society for the abolition of slavery was organized by Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush 18 04 1775 Fights at Lexington and Concord follow "the 18th of April, in '75" 18 04 1775 Paul Revere began his famous ride from Charleston to Lexington 19 04 1775 The battles of Lexington and Concord take place starting the Revolutionary war 10 05 1775 Continental Congress issues paper currency for 1st time 24 05 1775 John Hancock elected president of the Continental Congress 15 06 1775 Washington appointed commander-in-chief of the American Army 16 06 1775 Washington accepts promotion to General & Commander In Chief 16 06 1775 the Battle of Bunker Hill (actually it was Breed's Hill) 03 07 1775 Washington takes command of Continental Army at Cambridge, Mass 06 07 1775 Declaration on Taking Up of Arms issued by Continental Congress 26 07 1775 Benjamin Franklin becomes Postmaster General 05 08 1775 the 1st Spanish ship, 'San Carlos', enters San Francisco bay 22 08 1775 England's King George III proclaimed the American colonies to be in a state of open rebellion 30 10 1775 U.S. Navy born, authorized by the Second Continental Congress 07 11 1775 Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, declares Martial Law 10 11 1775 The U.S. Marines organized to protect ships 16 12 1775 Jane Austen, author, was born 22 12 1775 The American colonies organize a Continental naval fleet under the command of Ezek Hopkins 31 12 1775 Benedict Arnold's attack on Quebec fails ?? ?? 1776 Christmas present for Washington at Trenton: 918 German prisoners ?? ?? 1776 Common Sense written by Thomas Paine ?? ?? 1776 Declaration of Independence drafted by Tom Jefferson, with John Adams ?? ?? 1776 General Court of Massachusetts fires Governor, requests he leave 10 01 1776 Thomas Paine publishes "Common Sense" 10 02 1776 Washington writes from Charleston, "Without men, without arms, without ammunition, there is little to be done." 03 03 1776 The Marines make their first amphibious landing 07 06 1776 Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposed to the Continental Congress a resolution calling for a Declaration of Independence 11 06 1776 John Constable, landscape painter, was born 11 06 1776 The Continental Congress formed a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence from Britain 12 06 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights; written by George Mason 12 06 1776 Virginia's Colonial legislature; first to adopt a Bill of Rights 29 06 1776 Mission Dolores founded by San Francisco Bay 29 06 1776 Virginia State Constitution adopted, will be model for all states 02 07 1776 Continental Congress passed a resolution saying "These United Colonies are, and of right, out to be, free and independent states" 04 07 1776 Cloudy, 76 degrees F (Philadelphia, PA) 04 07 1776 Declaration of Independence signed in Philadelphia PA 04 07 1776 New York abstains on Declaration of Independence vote 08 07 1776 First public reading, Declaration of Independence 14 07 1776 George Washington refuses a letter from Gen. Howe addressed to George Washington Esq. rather than General Washington 29 07 1776 Dominguez-Escalante expedition begins 25 08 1776 David Hume, philosopher, died 09 09 1776 Continental Congress decrees that United Colonies be called United States 15 09 1776 New York was taken by General Howe 17 09 1776 the Presidio of San Francisco was founded as Spanish fort 22 09 1776 Captain Nathan Hale was captured by the British on Long Island. He was denied a clergyman and hung. His last words were, "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country." 22 09 1776 Nathan Hale regrets having "but one life to lose" 09 10 1776 Mission Delores founded 14 11 1776 Henri Dutrochet, discovered & named process of osmosis 05 12 1776 Phi Beta Kappa founded at William and Mary becoming the first US scholastic fraternity 19 12 1776 Thomas Paine publishes his first "American Crisis" essay in which he wrote, "These are the times that try men's souls." 23 12 1776 Tom Paine publishes "Crisis" 25 12 1776 Washington crosses the Delaware and surprises the Hessians 26 12 1776 George Washington defeats the Hessians at Trenton ?? ?? 1777 Congress adopts the American flag with thirteen stars and stripes ?? ?? 1777 General Gates defeats General Burgoyne at Saratoga, NY ?? ?? 1777 Washington's Continental Army winters at Valley Forge 02 01 1777 Dominguez-Escalante expedition of the South West ends in Santa Fe, NM 12 04 1777 Henry Clay, 'The Great Compromiser' 30 04 1777 Karl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician and astronomer, was born 14 06 1777 Stars and Stripes adopted as US flag, replacing Grand Union flag 31 07 1777 Marquis de Lafayette, a 19 year old French nobleman, was made a major general in the Continental army 11 09 1777 Americans defeated at Brandywine, Pennsylvania by General Howe 27 09 1777 William Howe occupies Philadelphia 04 10 1777 George Washington was defeated at Germantown, Pennsylvania 09 12 1777 A charter was drafted whereby the French government would operate pawn shops 19 12 1777 Washington settles his troops at Valley Forge for the winter ?? ?? 1778 Englishman Capt. James Cook explores west coast of North America ?? ?? 1778 France declares war on England, becomes ally of America 18 01 1778 Captain Cook sights Hawaii which he dubs the Sandwich Islands 26 01 1778 Sydney Australia settled 06 02 1778 Britain declares war on France 06 02 1778 The United States wins official recognition from France with the signing of two treaties in Paris 14 02 1778 The US ship Ranger takes the recently adopted Stars and Stripes to a foreign port for the first time as it arrived in France 01 04 1778 Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans Businessman, creates the "$" 07 06 1778 Beau Brummel, English Dandy 07 06 1778 George Bryan "Beau" Brummel, English dandy, gambler, friend of royalty, born 17 06 1778 British peace offer rejected by Congress 19 06 1778 Washington's troops finally leave Valley Forge 28 06 1778 Battle of Monmouth during the Revolutionary War 14 09 1778 Benjamin Franklin sent to France as American minister 11 11 1778 Indians led by William Butler massacre the inhabitants of Cherry Valley in New York 26 11 1778 Captain Cook discovers Maui (in the Sandwich Islands) 17 12 1778 Sir Humphrey Davy, discovered several chemical elements ?? ?? 1779 British surrender to Americans at Vincennes ?? ?? 1779 Captain Cook explores Sandwich Islands until Hawaiians murder him ?? ?? 1779 John Paul Jones, in Bon Homme Richard, defeats Pearson, in Serapis 05 01 1779 Stephen Decatur, early American Naval hero 05 01 1779 Zebulon Pike, the explorer, was born 18 01 1779 Peter Roget, of Thesaurus fame, invented Slide Rule, pocket chessboard 15 07 1779 Clement Clarke Moore, author of "A Visit from Saint Nicholas", was born 01 08 1779 Francis Scott Key, wrote the 'Star-Spangled Banner', was born 23 09 1779 Naval engagement between 'Bonhomme Richard' and 'HMS Serepis' ?? ?? 1780 Benedict Arnold attempts to betray West Point ?? ?? 1780 Death of John Logan, Cayuga Indian Chief. Who will mourn for Logan? 29 08 1780 Jean Ingres, the artist, was born 23 09 1780 John Andre reveals Benedict Arnold's plot to betray West Point 17 10 1780 Richard Mentor Johnson born, 9th V.P. of U.S ?? ?? 1781 Articles of Confederation go into effect; were drafted in 1777 ?? ?? 1781 Cornwallis surrenders to Washington and the allies at Yorktown, VA 01 03 1781 the Articles of Confederation adopted by Continental Congress 13 03 1781 William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus by accident while studying the constellation Gemini 09 06 1781 George Stephenson, principal inventor of the railroad locomotive 04 09 1781 Los Angeles founded in the Valley of Smokes (Indian Name) 05 09 1781 Battle of Virginia Capes, where the French Fleet defeats the British rescue fleet, trapping Cornwallis at Yorktown 28 09 1781 American forces backed by a French fleet begin their siege of Yorktown Heights, Virgina 30 09 1781 The Siege of Yorktown, Virginia, begins 19 10 1781 General Cornwallis and 7000 of his men surrender at Yorktown 05 11 1781 John Hanson elected 1st 'President of the United States in Congress assembled' (8 years before Washington was elected) ?? ?? 1782 Ninety-six Moravian Christian Indians massacred at Gnaddenhutton, OH 18 01 1782 Daniel Webster, early American orator and politician 18 03 1782 John C. Calhoun, statesman 20 06 1782 Congress adopts the "Great Seal of the United States" 20 06 1782 The United States chooses the Eagle as its symbol 01 07 1782 lifting of proscription against wearing of tartans in Scotland 07 08 1782 George Washington created the Order of the Purple Heart 16 09 1782 Great Seal of the United States was used for 1st time 30 11 1782 The United States and Britain sign preliminary peace treaty to end the Revolutionary War 05 12 1782 First US President born in "The United States" was Van Buren 05 12 1782 Martin Van Buren, 8th President (1837-1841) ?? ?? 1783 First daily newspaper was Pennsylvania Evening Post 03 04 1783 Washington Irving born 05 06 1783 The Montgolfiers make first ascent in hot air balloon. It lasts 10 minutes 24 07 1783 Simon Bolivar, freed 6 Latin American republics from Spanish rule 07 08 1783 John Heathcoat, invented lace-making machinery 03 09 1783 England and the United States sign the treaty of Paris declaring US independence and ending the Revolutionary War 02 11 1783 Two Frenchmen make the first free hot air balloon flight 21 11 1783 J. de Rozier makes first balloon flight 04 12 1783 Gen. Washington bids his officers farewell at Fraunce's Tavern, NYC 23 12 1783 George Washington resigns as commander-in-chief of the army and retires to his home at Mount Vernon, Va ?? ?? 1784 Benjamin Franklin invents bifocals ?? ?? 1784 Taylor, 12th President, born; died 1850 ?? ?? 1784 Treaty of Ft. Stanwix; Iroquois cede rights north and west of Ohio R 14 01 1784 the Revolutionary War formally ends 14 08 1784 The first Russian settlement was established in Alaska on Kodiak Island 21 09 1784 1st daily newspaper in US begins publication in Pennsylvania 24 11 1784 Zachary Taylor, 12th President (1849-1850) 07 01 1785 1st balloon flight across the English Channel 26 04 1785 John J. Audubon, American ornithologist and artist, was born in Haiti 19 08 1785 Seth Thomas, pioneer in mass production of clocks 23 08 1785 Oliver Hazard Perry, U.S. Naval hero, was born in Rhode Island ?? ?? 1786 Shays's Rebellion in Massachusetts forcibly closes court systems 08 01 1786 Nicholas Biddle, made 2nd Bank of US 1st effective central bank 26 02 1786 Dominique Francois Jean Arago born, first observer of "Poisson's spot". cf. June 21 08 05 1786 Thomas Hancock, founded British rubber industry 08 06 1786 1st commercially-made ice cream sold in New York 08 06 1786 first ad for ice cream 08 08 1786 The silver dollar and the decimal system of money adopted by Congress 17 08 1786 Davy Crockett, American folk hero, was born 14 09 1786 Annapolis Convention concludes, suggests Phila convention ?? ?? 1787 Federalist Papers begin publication in newspapers ?? ?? 1787 United States Constitution framed, sent to Congress and states 11 01 1787 Uranian moons Titania and Oberon discovered by William Herschel 06 03 1787 Josephvon Fraunhaufer born 08 03 1787 Karl Ferdinand von Grafe, helped create modern plastic surgery 25 05 1787 Constitutional Convention convenes in Philadelphia 25 05 1787 Constitutional Convention opened 13 07 1787 Northwest Ordinance adopted by Continental Congress 22 08 1787 John Fitch's steamboat completes its tests, years before Fulton builds his steamboat 17 09 1787 Constitutional Convention concluded business 17 09 1787 US Constitution was adopted 27 10 1787 The 'Federalist' letters started appearing in NY newspapers 21 11 1787 Sir Samuel Cunard, founded 1st regular Atlantic steamship line 07 12 1787 Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution 12 12 1787 Pennsylvania becomes the 2nd state 18 12 1787 New Jersey becomes the 3rd state by ratifying the Constitution ?? ?? 1788 First settlement in Ohio was Marietta, named for Marie Antoinette ?? ?? 1788 New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify Constitution. It is now the law 02 01 1788 Georgia becomes the 4th state 09 01 1788 Connecticut becomes the 5th state 22 01 1788 Lord Byron, poet, lover, revolutionary, was born 26 01 1788 1st settlement established by the English in Australia 28 01 1788 The first penal colony in Australia was founded at Botany Bay 05 02 1788 Sir Robert Peel, Prime Minister, founder of London Police force, was born 06 02 1788 Massachusetts becomes the 6th state 28 04 1788 Maryland becomes the 7th state 10 05 1788 Augustin-Jean Fresnel, pioneered in optics 23 05 1788 South Carolina becomes the 8th state 21 06 1788 In a 57 to 46 vote the U.S. Constitution comes into force as New Hampshire votes to ratify the Constitution 21 06 1788 New Hampshire becomes the 9th state 25 06 1788 Virginia becomes the 10th state 26 07 1788 New York becomes the 11th state 02 09 1788 Thomas Gainsborough, artist, portrait painter, died 13 09 1788 British defeat the French at Abraham near Quebec City 13 09 1788 New York City becomes the capitol of the United States ?? ?? 1789 George Washington & John Adams elected as first President & VP ?? ?? 1789 Mackenzie reaches Arctic Ocean via Mackenzie River in W. Canada ?? ?? 1789 Mutiny on the H.M.S. Bounty; survivors establish Pitcairn Is. colony ?? ?? 1789 The Judiciary Act specifies numbers of Federal courts and judges 04 03 1789 Congress declares the Constitution to be in effect 04 03 1789 First meeting of Congress, in N.Y.C 28 04 1789 The crew of the H.M.S Bounty mutiny 30 04 1789 George Washington inaugurated as 1st president of the US 14 07 1789 French Revolution. Bastille falls 14 07 1789 The Bastille was stormed in Paris, the French revolution begins 26 08 1789 French Revolution. Declaration of Rights 28 08 1789 Saturnian moon Enceladus discovered by William Herschel 02 09 1789 US Treasury Department established by Congress 07 09 1789 James Fenimore Cooper born in Burlington, NJ 11 09 1789 Alexander Hamilton was appointed the 1st U.S. sec. of the Treasury 15 09 1789 James Fenimore Cooper, 1st major American novelist 15 09 1789 The U.S. Foreign Affairs Department becomes the U.S. State Department 15 09 1789, The U.S. Government adopts the "Great Seal of the United States", taking it from Congress and placing it in the custody of the Secretary of State 24 09 1789 Congress creates the Post Office 24 09 1789 Congress passes the First Judiciary Act which provides for an Attorney General and a Supreme Court 25 09 1789 The first session of the first Congress of the United States met in New York and voted 10 amendments to the constitution (the Bill of Rights) 26 09 1789 Thomas Jefferson was appointed America's first secretary of State 29 09 1789 The U.S. War Department establishes a regular army of several hundred soldiers 03 10 1789 Washington proclaims the 1st national Thanksgiving Day on Nov 26 02 11 1789 All church land was nationalized in France and later used as collateral for paper money 13 11 1789 Benjamin Franklin wrote to a friend, "In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes." 18 11 1789 Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre, developed a method of photography 20 11 1789 New Jersey became the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights 21 11 1789 North Carolina becomes the 12th state 26 11 1789 A day of thanksgiving was set aside by President Washington to observe the adoption of the Constitution of the United States ?? ?? 1790 First national census finds 3,929,214 persons eligible to be counted ?? ?? 1790 Supreme Court meets for the first time; John Jay was Chief Justice ?? ?? 1790 Tyler, 10th President, born; died 1862 29 03 1790 John Tyler, 10th President (1841-1845) 17 04 1790 Death of Benjamin Franklin 29 05 1790 Rhode Island becomes the 13rd state 16 07 1790 Congress establishes the District of Columbia 31 07 1790 1st US Patent granted (for a potash process) 01 08 1790 first US census completed showing nearly 4 million people live in the 13 states 04 08 1790 United States Coast Guard founded 10 08 1790 Columbia became the 1st American ship to sail around the globe 17 11 1790 August Mobius, the mathematician, was born 23 12 1790 Jean-Francois Champollion, deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics ?? ?? 1791 Federal capital to be established in swamplands on the Potomac ?? ?? 1791 First ten Amendments are Bill of Rights that go into effect this year ?? ?? 1791 John Carroll of Baltimore made first Roman Catholic Bishop in USA ?? ?? 1791 NWT Governor Arthur St. Clair soundly defeated by Indians near Ft. Wayne 03 03 1791 Congress passed a resolution ordering U.S. Mint be established 04 03 1791 Vermont becomes the 14th state 12 04 1791 Francis P. Blair, helped found the Republican Party 23 04 1791 James Buchanan, 15th President (1857-1861) 27 04 1791 Samuel F. B. Morse 26 08 1791 John Fitch granted a US patent for his working steamboat 22 09 1791 Michael Faraday, discovered principle of the electric motor 05 12 1791 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died 15 12 1791 Bill of Rights ratified when Virginia gave its approval 17 12 1791 New York City traffic regulation creates the 1st one-way street 26 12 1791 Charles Babbage, Victorian computer architect 26 12 1791 Charles Babbage, credited with designing the first computer, was born ?? ?? 1792 Captain Robert Gray names newly found river for his ship, Columbia ?? ?? 1792 Congress names the Dollar as our unit of currency; proposer: Jefferson ?? ?? 1792 New York Stock Exchange organized ?? ?? 1792 Political parties formed; Republicans (to be Democrats) & Federalists ?? ?? 1792 Post Office established by Congress as a separate entity 07 02 1792 Austria and Prussia form an alliance against France 20 02 1792 President George Washington signed an act creating the U.S. Post Office 04 03 1792 Oranges introduced to Hawaii 07 03 1792 Sir John Frederick William Herschel, the astronomer and brother of Caroline Herschel, was born 02 04 1792 Congress adopts the plan of Hamilton and Jefferson to establish a bimetallic monetary standard for the United States. The bimetallic mint ratio was set at 15:1 04 04 1792 Thaddeus Stevens 07 05 1792 The Columbia River was discovered by Capt. Robert Gray 17 05 1792 The New York Stock Exchange was founded under a tree located on what is now Wall Street 01 06 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state 04 08 1792 Percy Bysshe Shelley, the poet, was born 10 08 1792 Mobs in Paris attacked the palace of Louis XVI 13 10 1792 George Washington lays the cornerstone for the Executive Mansion, later to be called the White House 14 11 1792 Capt. George Vancouver was 1st Englishman to enter San Francisco Bay 08 12 1792 Henry Laurens becomes the first person to be cremated after death in America 12 12 1792 Ludwig van Beethoven, age 22, pays the equivalent of 19 cents for his first music lesson from Franz Josheph Haydn in Vienna ?? ?? 1793 Cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney ?? ?? 1793 General Anthony Wayne begins campaign against Indians in SW Ohio ?? ?? 1793 Mackenzie reaches Pacific via Fraser River in western Canada ?? ?? 1793 War between England and France. USA. declares neutrality 09 01 1793 1st balloon flight in North America 21 01 1793 Louis XVI was beheaded by the guillotine of the French revolution 13 07 1793 Jean-Paul Marat stabbed to death in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday 22 07 1793 Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean after crossing Canada 18 09 1793 Pres. George Washington laid the cornerstone of the U.S. Capitol 05 10 1793 The Revolutionary Calendar was adopted in France. This day becomes 14 Vendemiaire (grape harvest) Year II. Months were named for seasonal characteristics and years from the beginning of the revolution 08 10 1793 John Hancock died 16 10 1793 Marie Antoinette was guillotined almost nine months after Louis XVI 08 11 1793 the Louvre, in Paris, was opened to the public 07 12 1793 Madame du Barry, mistress of French King Louis XV, was guillotined 09 12 1793 Noah Webster establishes New York's 1st daily newspaper ?? ?? 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, near Toledo, OH. General Wayne v. Indians ?? ?? 1794 Jay's Treaty requires withdrawal of British troops from USA ?? ?? 1794 Whiskey Rebellion over